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* BOGEBT. 228 BOGOMILES. 1899, and a bronze medal at the Paris Exposi- tion of 1900. Mr. Bogert has confined his brush entirely to landscape. BOGGS, Cii. LES Sti-art (1811-88). An Amorioun naval officer, born in Xew Brunswick, N. J. He entered the United States Navy as a midshipman in 1826, became a lieutenant in 1837, served in Commodore Conner's squadron during the Mexican War; distinguished himself under Farragut at Xew Orleans, in April, 18G2, and the same year was raised to the rank of cap- tain. In 1870 he became a rear-admiral, and three years later was retired. BOGGS, Frank M. (1855 — ). An American artist, born in Springfield, Ohio. He studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, and after- wards under Gt^rOme. In 1885 he was awarded a prize of $2500 at a competition in New York City for his "Kough Day at Ilonfleur," bought by the Boston ilusemn of Fine Arts. He was awarded a silver medal at the Paris E.xposition of 1900. Mr. Boggs is represented at the Luxem- bourg Museum by a fine painting, "La Place de la Bastille," which was bought by the French Government in 1882. BOGH, beg, Erik (1822-99). A Danish •writer. He was born in Copenhagen, and first won a considerable reputation with his dramas, exceeding one iiundred in number, and published collectively as Dramntiske Arheidcr, 7 vols. (1858-71). He also published a volume of Dirjte (1855), and several prose works, includ- ing B uldrebakken (1852) : Knlifen paa Eventyr (1857): Hundrcde Viser (1862); and M ester Olcs Praediken (1877). His style is in general characterized by finish rather than originality. BOGHAZ - KIEUL, bi'gaz kye'e, or KOI, ke'e. A village of Asia Minor in the Vilayet of Angora, about 17 miles from the towTi of Yozgad, in latitude 40° 1' X. and longitude 34° S5' E. The modem village is insignificant, but the heiglits near by contain many ancient ruins and a number of remarkable sculptures. The place was an important seat of Hittite civiliza- tion, and fragiuents of pottery seem to show intercourse with the ilycena>an lands. For a de- scription of the remains and drawings of the sculptures, consult Van Lennep, Travels in Asia Minor (London, 1870) ; and for the recent ex- cavations. E. Chantre, Mission- en Cappadoce (Paris, 1898), whose statements as to a Baby- lonian colony must be received with caution; consult also Hall, Oldest Civilization of Greece (London and Xew York, 1901). The common identification with the ancient Pterium has re- cently been rendered doubtful by the explora- tions of Dr. Belck. BOGHEAD COAL. A bituminous coal of Scotl:in(t. more valuable for making gas than for fuel. The coal is named from the chief place of deposit. Boghead, Linlithgowshire. See TORIIANITE. BOG-IRON ORE. A name applied to depos- its of limonite (liydrous ferric oxide) that are often found in alluvial soils, bogs, meadows, lakes, etc. It is abundant in some of the north- cm and western islands of Scotland and in the northern countries of Europe generally; also in North America. Sometimes the ore accumu- lates with great rapidity; thus, in some Swedish lakes a laver half a meter thick accumulates every fifteen to thirty years. Its constituent iron is dissolved out from the rocks by spring-water, from wliieh it is precipitated in an insoluble form when exposed to the air. The amount of iron oxide in the ore commonly ranges from 40 to 50 per cent. : phosphoric acid is usually present in quantities varying from 2 to 11 per cent. ; silica, alumina, oxide of manganese, and other substances make up the rest. The color of the ore is brown — either yellowish brown or blackish brown. Some varieties are earthy and friable and are formed of dull, dusty particles; others are in masses with an earthy fracture, often vesicular; still others are more compact and have a conchoidal fracture. The ore is often mi.xed with so much clay and sand that these have to be separated by washing before the ore can be used. Owing to the low per- centage of iron, the commercial value of bog- iron ore is rarel_v very high, although the quality of the iron yielded is good. Bog-iron ore, which contains much clay and has a uni- form color, is sometimes used as a paint. See Irox and Limoxite. BOGI§IC, bo'ge-shich, Balthasar (1840—). A Slavic jurist. He was born in Ragusavecehia (Dalmatia), and studied in Vienna, Berlin, and Paris. In 1809 he was appointed professor of tiie history of Slavic law at Odessa, and was then charged with the task of elaborating a code of civil laws for Jlontenegro. In 1893-99 he was ilinister of Justice in Montenegro. He has pub- lished several important studies, such as Com- pilation of I.cijal i'sagcs among the Southern Stars (1874), and Apcrgu des travaux sur le droit coutiimier en Hussie (1879). BOG-MOSS. See Sphagnum. BOGNOR, bog'ner. A popular seaside resort in Sussex, England, on the English Channel, oti miles southeast of Chichester (Map: Eng- land. F 6). It has a fine pier and esplajiade. Population, in 1891, 4600; in 1901, 6200. BOGNOR BEDS. See London Clay. BO'GO. A seaport town of Cebii. Philippines, situated 69 miles north of Cebii. It has a good harbor and a population of 16,400. BOGODUKHOV, bOVfl dijo'Kif, or BOHO- DTJKHOV. A fortified town of Russia, cajjital of a district in the Government of Khar- kov, 40 miles northwest of the city of that name ( Maj) : Russia, E 4 ) . A town of some com- mercial significance until 1820, it has now lost all of its importance owing to new railways which have transferred its tra<le to other towns. Tanneries and fiour-mills are the onlv industrial cstablisliments. Population, in 1897," 12,000. BOGOLYUBOFF, bo'gd-lyoo'bAf, Alexei (1824-96). A Russian painter. He was born at Pomerano (Novgorod), studied at the Imperial Academy of Design in Saint Petersburg, and under Aehenbach in Diisseklorf, and in 1861 was appointed a professor at tlic Saint Petersburg Academy. He is best known for his marine views and sea-battles, including "Battle of Si- nope" (1853) ; "Peter the (ireat with his Gal- leys"; and "lloadstead of Cronstadt" (1878). BOG'OMILES. A religious sect which came into notice in the Twelfth C^entury, whose chief seat was in Thrace. They resembled the Pauli- cians and Catliari. Their name, if derived from the Slav. Bog, 'God,' and miluy, 'have