Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/254

* BODY AND MIND. 222 BOECKH. (Enp. trans., London, 180G) : Yundt. Outlines of Psychology (Enj;. trans.. 189S); T. H. Hnxley, Science and Culture (New York, 1882). BODY CASTLE. See Aljia. BODY-COLOR. That material whieli contri- butes snbslance to pigments, more partifularly the solid white known as Chinese ^Yhite, used in •vvater-colors. which by renderinfi them opaque distinguishes them from the transparent and fluid washes which mark the water-color method pure and simple. BODY-SNATCHING. The common-law mis- demeanor (<i.v.) of unlawfully taking and ear- lying away a dead human body, hen the body is taken from a grave the offense is com- nionlv called body-liftiny. The taking is ordinar- ily for the purpose of dissecting the body or sell- ing it for dissection. By statute in many of the ■United .States a person has the right to direct the manner in which his body shall be disposed of after his death, unless he is a convicted felon. In the latter case his body may be turned over to medical authorities for dissection. Statutes frequently provide also for the exhumation and dissection of buried bodies, under the direction of proper ofhcers, for the purpose of discovering the cause of death. But the removal of a dead luunan body after burial, or while awaiting burial, if made without authority of law, with intent to sell or use it for dissection, is in nearly every jurisdiction a statutory or a common-law offense, punishable bv imprisonment or a line, or bv both. While the law does not recognize a right of property in a human corpse, it does secure to the near relatives the right of control- ling and of burying it, except in cases where public officials have the power to intervene. As a human corpse is not property, and as its prompt and decent burial is a legal as well as a moral dutv, it cannot be attached, levied upon, or detained "for debt. See Corp.se. and the au- thorities referred to under Criminal Law. BOECE, bois, or BOE'THIUS, Hector ( 1465- 153C). A distinguished Scottish historian. He ■was born in Dundee, and belonged to the family of Bois or Boyis, modern Boice or Boyce. He was educated in Dundee, and studied at the Univer- sity of Paris, where he took the degree of B.D. He ■was appointed professor of philosophy at the Coll&ge Jlontaigu, and acquired there the friend- ship of Erasmus, who has praised him in his ■writings. He left Paris reluctantly to preside over the new University of Aberdeen, the pros- perity of which he greatly promoted. He also becane canon of Aberdeen and rector of Tyrie. In ryli he pidilished his lives of the bishops of Mortlach and Aberdeen. His fame rests chiefly on his Histoni of Scotland, published 1.527, for h<- he received the degree of D.D. from the vniversity and a roval pension. This work con- tains a large amount of fiction, but is worthy of the commendation it has received on the score of stvle. It is supposed that Boece died in 1. ">:«). lor on November 22 of that year the King |)rescnted the rectorv of Tyrie. vacant by tlie death of Mr. Hector Boiss. to .Tohn Garden. COnsuH : Irving, Lives of l^cotlish M-rilcrs (Edinburgh. 183!)) ; and Burton, History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1873). BOECKH, bek, August (178.5-isr,7). A Ger- man classical scholar. He was born in Karls- ruhe, November 24, 1785, and was enrolled as student in the University of Halle in 1803, where the lectures of F. A. Wolf (q.v.) induced him to devote himself exclusively to philology. la 1807 he became professor at Heidelberg, and in 1811 was called to the newly established Univer- sity of Berlin, which owed much of its early fame to him, in company with Hegel and Schleier- macher. Boeckh lectured in Berlin with great success for over fifty j-ears to a total of many thousand students. The range of his studies was ery wide, and he was the first to develop phi- lology on a philosophic basis. He conceived of that science as an organically constructed whole, which aims at nothing short of a complete intel- lectual repi-oduetion of antiquity. His lectures therefore included both formal and historical grammar, exegesis, arehoeology, history of ancient literature, philosophy, politics, religion, and so- ciety. Boeckh's concept of philology e.xcited much opposition at first, but gradually -won ad- herents, and unquestionably gave a great stimu- lus to classical scholarship; at the present time, after many of the subjects which Boeckh re- garded as subdivisions of philology have been exalted to the position of independent sciences, there are significant signs of a return to his gen- eral view of the unity of philology. His earliest publication, dedicated to Wolf, was Commentatio in Pkitonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem (180fi): in his Oreecce Tragoediw Principum .lEsehyli, Sophoclis, Euripidis, Xum Ea Quce Supcrsunt Genuina Sint, etc., published in ISOS, he dis- cussed the possible revisions due to repeated pro- ductions and the interpolations of actors in the extant tragedies. He also produced some mono- graphs on Plato while professor at Heidelberg. His great works are the following: An edi- tion of Pindar in 4 vols. (1811-22), the comple- tion of which he intrusted to his friend 6. L. Dissen (q.v.), professor in GiJttingen. This marked an epoch in Pindaric studies by its criti- cism of the text and scholia, and especially by Boeckh's investigations on the metre. The intro- ductory essay on the criticism of Pindar is still of great value. His work KiV Staatshaushultunfj der Athener (2 vols., 1817; 3d ed., edited by Frankel. 188fi) applied the methods of his mas- ter. Wolf, and of his older contenii)orary, Nie- buhr. to questions of the commercial and State economy of the Athenians in a masterly manner; by it Boeckh established the science of public antiquities, in which he was followed by K. F. Hermann, G. F. Schoemann, and M. H. E. Meier (q.v.) ; and the work remains a permanent monu- ment of thorough research, analysis, and vast learning. In his investigations Boeckh had been led to a careful study of .ttic inscriptions. He now planned a comprehensive collection of Greek inscriptions, the cost of which was undertaken by the J'.crlin Academy, ^^■itll Boeckh were asso- ciated Ph. Buttmann, Schleiermacher. Immanuel Bekker (q.v.), and later many others; the result of their work was the Corpus Insrriptionum drte- canim (4 vols., 1825-02). Among his other im- Iiortant works are Pliilohins' d<s Pyllmtiorevrs Lehre (ISIO); Mctroloriisrlw I'ntei-suchunfien iiber Ociriehte, Miinzfiisse iind Masse des Alter- tums (1838) : Vrkundcn iiber d'ls Seewesen des attischen Staates (1840); Sophokles Antigone (2d ed., 1884) : Encyklopadic iind Methodologie der philologischen Wi.isetischaflen. never pub- lished bv himself, but edited from hi.s lectures on