Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/251

* BODIN. 319 BODLEY. to so many sides of life, Bodin belonged to the Aliddle Agos in his superstition. He devotes an entire book of the liipuhlic to an erudite discus- sion of the inlhieuoes of the planets on llie affairs of men. and in his Dt'inonomanie (15S0) advo- cates the burning of wizards and witches. Con- sult: Baudrillart. Jtan Bodin et son temps (Paris, lSo3) : Barthelemv, Etude sur Jean Bvdin (Taris, 1870). BODIO, bo'dyo, Luici (1840—). An Italian political economist and statistician. He was born in Milan and studied in Pavia and Pisa. In ISO 4 he was appointed professor of political economy at the Technical Institute. Leghorn j in 1807 professor in Jlilan, and in 1SU8 professor of statistics and eoniniercial geography at the Venice Commercial School. In 1872 he became director of the National Statistical Bureau. He has published a considerable number of impor- tant statistical works, among which is ,Siii docu- inenli statistici del regno d'ltalia (1867). BODKIN (origin obscure). An instrument used by women of antiquity to fasten up the hair at the back of the head. It was the method com- monly adopted by the priests of Cybele, as well as by the female cliaracters in Greek tragedy, the bodkin being highly ornamented. Silver bod- kins are still worn in a similar way by the peas- ant girls of Naples. The term 'bodkin' is also applied to a sharp-pointed instrument for pierc- ing holes in cloth, as Avell as to a blunt instru- ment, having an eye, and u.sed for drawing tape or ribbon through loops, and it was at one time a very common name for a dagger. BODliE, or BOD'DLE. An ancient copper coin in Scotland, in value the sixth of a peimy sterling. The bodle is said to have been so called from a mint-master of the name of Botliwell. BODLEIAN (bod'le-an) LIBBARY. The great library of the University of Oxford, Eng- land. The first library, the foundation of Hum- phrey. Duke of Gloucester, was destroyed by the fanaticism of Edward VI. 's Commissioners for the Reform of the University. Sir Thomas Bod- ley's was a restoration (1602), and his active quest of valuable publications was equaled by his munificence. Formally opened with great cere- mony, November 8. 1G03, it was the ne.xt year granted letters patent by James I., who himself gave it the name of its founder. One of Bodley's first acts was the presentation of a large collec- tion of valuable books, purchased on the Conti- nent at an expense of £10.000. Through his inlluence and noble example, the library was speedily enriched by numerous other important contributions. Among the earliest subsequent benefactors were the Earl of Pembroke, who presented it with 250 volumes of valuable Greek manu.scripts; Sir Thomas Roe; Sir Kenclm Digby ; and Archbishop Laud, who made a mag- nificent donation of l.'SOO manuscripts in more than twenty diflerent languages. About 8000 volumes of the library of the famous John Sel- den also went to the Bodleian Library. General Fairfax presented it with many manuscripts, among which was Roger Dodsworth's collection of 160 volumes on English history. The first catalogue of printed books was published by the first librarian. Dr. James (1605). Among some of the important bequests of the Nineteenth Cen- tury were the collections of Richard (lough, on British topogiaphy and Saxon and Northern lit- Voi,. III.— 15. erature; of Edmund llalone, the editor of Shakespeare; and of Francis Douce; also, the sum of £40,000, by the Rev. Robert Mason, the interest to be expended on books. Bj' purchase, the library acquired some fine collections of Ori- ental, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew books and manu- scripts. The Bodleian Library is particularly rich in biblical codices, rabbinical literature, and materials for British history. Along with the British Museum, it enjoys the right of receiving a copy of every book appearing in England. There are more than half a millicm bound vol- umes. 30,000 volumes of manuscripts, besides valuable pictures and relics. Tlie buildings con- tain also many art treasures, as the Pomfret and Arundel marbles, and the Hope collection of portraits. One of its most interesting paintings is that of Sir Thomas Bodley, full lengtli. There is also a marble bust of him. Members of the university who have taken a degree are admitted to the use of the library, a small addition to the matriculation fees and an annual payment being charged for the privilege. Literary men, prop- erly reeonmiended, are allowed to make extracts from the works in the library, which is usually open from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 in the afternoon. Connected with the main library is now a circular structure called the Camera Bod- leiana, the gift of Dr. Radcliffe, which is kept open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. It contains the more common books, and is used as a reading- room. The tercentenary of the foundation was celebrated with gi-eat splendor in the fall of 1902. Consult Macray, Annals of the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 18US). BOD'LEY, Sir Thomas (1545-1612). An English scholar and diplomatist, now best kno^vn through the Bodleian Librarj' (q.v.). During the reign of Mary his parents were for a time in Geneva, where Thomas studied Greek. Hebrew, and divinity, the last with Calvin. The family returned on the accession of Elizabeth, and the son, entering Magdalen College, Oxford, was duly graduated B.A. in 15(13, and was made a proba- tioner fellow of Merton College. The following year he was made actual fellow, and in 1500 re- ceived M.A. For a while he delivered a Greek lecture, was in 1569 elected proctor, and on one occasion was public orator. Employed by the Queen in diplomatic missions, he was sent to the courts of Denmark. France, and Holland. He was proficient in the Continental tongues, and his diplomatic career was so distinguished that he was solicited to become Secretary of .State, but the scholarly quiet of the Oxford life appealed to him more strongly, and he returned thither in 1596. Now relieved of public cares, he consid- ered how he might "do the true part of a profit- able member of the State," and the restoration of the library seemed to him a rare opportunity. He was fortunate in securing the hearty eoiipera- tion of his countrjTnen. Himself indefatigable, he had an agent go to the Continent and buy largely. He also permanently endowed the library, and in his will he made the imiversity his chief beneficiary. Knighted by James I., he desired that he might be buried in keeping with his knightly rank, and accordingly directed that £660 13s. 4d. be expended for great ceremony. His remains were laid in the Chapel of Merton College. There, too, a nmnument was erected in 1615. Bodley's autobiography up to 1609, with