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* BLUMENTHAL. 206 BLUNT. important duties as inspector-general of the Fourtli Division. He died December 22, 1900. BLUMENTHAX, Oskar (1852—). A Gfer- mau ihanuitist and satirist, born in Berlin. He founded there the I.essing Theatre ( 1888), which he managed from 1888-97, and devoted chiefly to the production of contemporary comedies. Among his own works first produced at the Lessing Theatre, the most popular are the comedies, Der Probepfeil (1882); Die grosse Olocke; Im ueissen Jiiissel, with G. Kadelburg ( 1898 ) ; Mat- thias GoUinger, with M. Bernstein (1898) ; Die itrengcn Herren. with G. Kadelburg (1900): Der schwarze Schlcier (1887); and Heute und Gestern, with G. Kadelburg ( 1892). He has also published satirical articles and epigrams. Con- sult Wald (1885), and Wolff (Berlin, 1887). BLUM'ER, Geobge Aldek (1851—). An Anglo-American physician, born in Sunderland, England. He studied at the University of Edin- burgh, graduated in 1879 at the medical depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1879-80 was resident 'phvsician at the German Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. From 1880 to 1886 he was assistant physician at the Utica State Hospital, of which he was superintendent in 1886-89. In 1889 he was appointed superin- tendent of the Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, R. I. He also became an associate editor of the American Journal of Insanity. BLTJMER, bloti'mer, Johaxn Jakob (1819- 75). A Swiss statesman and historian, bom in Glarus. He studied in Zurich, Bonn, and Berlin. In 1843 he was elected to the Landrat, and in 1861 became president of the Court of Appeals. Between 1861 and 1874 he completed his revision of the civil and criminal law of Switzerland, and subsequently he was chosen president of the Permanent Court of the Swiss Federation. His books include Staats- und Rcchtspcschichten der schucizerischen Demokraticn (1850-59), and Handbuch des schweizerischcn Bundesstaati- rechts (1877-87). BLUMNER, bli.im'ner, Hugo (1844 — ). A German classical archieologist, born in Berlin, August 9, 1844. He taught in the universities of Breslau and Konigsberg, and has been since 1877 professor in the University of Zurich. He is author and editor of 'many philological and archa-ological works, of which the most impor- tant are: Die geuerbliche Tliiitigkeit der Volker des klassisehcii Altrrtums (1869): Technologic und Terminologie der (lewerbe und Kiitiste bei G-riechen und Uomern (4 vols., 1874-88) ; Leben itnd Sitten der Oriechen (1887) ; Maximaltarif des Diokletian, with Theodor Jlomnisen (1893) ; Pausanixe Grwcice Descriptio (1890) ; reviser of Hermann, Griechische Privataltertiimer (1881), etc. BLUNOJELL'S SCHOOL. One of the best of the smaller English public schools, especially noted in the west of England. It was founded in 1604 by Peter Blundell, in Tiverton, Devonshire. Beginning life as a poor boy, he amassed a con- siderable fortune, most of which was left to charities, the greatest of which was this school. There were founded in connection with it five scholarships at Balliol College, Oxford, for scholars of this school, which have brought many men from there to Balliol. .Among the distin- guished men who came from BlundeU's are Bishops Bull, Hayter, and Conybeare, Abraham Hayward, the essayist, and R. D. Blackmore, the novelist. .John Ridd, the hero oiLorna Doone, as also a member of the school. BLUNDERBUSS (either corruption of Dutcli donderbus, thunder-box, i.e. musket, or from bltiiidcr -(- Dutch bux, Ger. Biichse, box, barrel of a gun). An old-fashioned short musket with a wide, smooth bore sullicient to take in several shots or bullets at one charge. A number of the English and German troopers in the Seventeenth Century were armed with this weapon, which had a limited range, and was more particularly effective at close quarters or in the defense of narrow passages. It has long been obsolete. See Small Arms. BLUNT, J.MES G. (1826-81). An American soldier. He was born in Trenton, Maine, and in 1849 graduated at the Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. In 1856 he settled in Kansas, where he strenuously ojiposed the introduction of slavery, and was a member of the convention that framed the State Constitution. He entered the Federal Army as lieutenant-colonel at the outbreak of the Civil War, and in 1862 was made brigadier-general, and placed in command of the ■ Department of Kansas. On December 7, at Prairie Grove, lie defeated a force under Gen- eral Hindman, and thus cheeked the advance of the Confederates into Missouri. He was raised to the rank of major-general in November, 1862, but in 1863 was relieved of the command of the department, and assigned to the Army of the Frontier. BLUNT, John Henry (1823-84). An Eng- lish High-Church theologian and writer on ec- clesiastical history. He was born in Chelsea, studied at Universit}' College, Durham, and was ordained a priest of the Established Church in 1853. He was appointed a Vicar of Kennington in 1868, and in 1873 rector of Beverston. He contributed much to reviews and periodicals, and his publications include The Atonement (1855) ; an Annotaled Book of Common Prayer (1884) ; and an important flistory of the Reformation of ihe Church of England (1802-82), written from the High-Church standpoint. BLUNT, .John .Tames (1794-1855). An Eng- lish clergjnnan and author, born in Newcastle- under-Lyme, Staffordshire. He graduated in 1816 at Saint John's College, Cambridge, was curate at Hodnet, Shropshire, to Reginald Heber, whom he succeeded; and subsequently was curatq also at Chetwynd. In 1834 he became rector of Great Oakley. Essex, and in 1839 professor of divinity at Cambridge. He wrote a consid- erable number of works on ecclesiastical history and biblical criticism, besides several volumes of sermons. The best-known of his publications is Undesigned Coincidences in the Writings both of the Old and Nov Testament, an Argument of their Veracity (1847). Consult Selwyn, "Me- moir," in Blunt's Two Introductory Lectures (1856). BLUNT, Wilfrid Scawen (1840—). An Englisli traveler and poet. He was born near Crawley, England, August 17, 1840. His mother being a Catholic convert, he was educated at Stonyhurst and at Saint Mary's, Oscott. He served for some years as attache to various British embassies in Europe, and in 1869 married Anne, daughter of the Earl of Lovelace, and granddaughter of Lord Byron, with whom ho