Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 03.djvu/186

BLANC. was released by a Russian flying corps. He was professor of Romanee languages at the Univer- sity of Halle in 1822, and from 1838 to 1800 was one of the preachers at the cathedral of that city. Professor Blanc is known chietly for his numerous and scholarly treatises on Dante. His most important works are his Gramnuitik dcr italienischcn Sprac/ic (1844), the first attempt to trace the history of the development of the forms and laws of that language; Vocaholario Dantexco, in French (1852); and his transla- tion of the D!vi?ie Comedy, with commentary (1SG4). His Handbuch des Wissensiciirdignten aus dr.r Xotur und Oeschichte del- Erde und. Hirer Bcwuhner (18G7-U9) also enjoyed a wide popularity.

BLANC, blaN, ]Iarie THi:R£sE. See Bent- zox, Tn.

BLANC, Paul Joseph (1846-1904). A French painter. He was born in Paris, and studied with Bin and Cabanel, obtaining in 1807 the second prize in the competition contest for the prix de Rome. Among his principal works are the fol- lowing: "Murder of Laius by CEdipus" (1867) ; "Perseus" (Luxembourg, 1870) ; "The Invasion" (1873); "The Vow of Clovis in the Battle of Tolbiac" (1870) ; "Brigand's Wife" (1878) ; "The Triumph of Clovis" (1881) ; "The Tiber" <18S5).

BLANCHARD, blilN'shar', Augu.ste Thomas TMarie (18iy— ). A French engraver, born in Paris He was the pupil of his father, Augusts Jean B. M. Blanchard (1792-1849). He devoted himself to engraving modern jiiitures. and ex- hibited with success at the Universal Exposi- tions of 1855. 1807. and 1878. He received many medals, and in 1801 the decoration of the Legion of Honor. In 1888 he was made a member of the Academic des Beaux- Arts. He is considered one of the first engravers of France.

BLANCHARD, blan'ehard, Edward Litt La- man (1820-89). An English journalist and dra- matist. He was born in London, and in 1831 accompanied his father, the well-known comedian, William Blanchard. to New York, where he ap- peared upon the stage. Returning to England, he was engaged during the rest of his life as a dramatic critic for various papers and a writer of numerous plays, farces, and pantomimes. Of the latter he composed over a hundred, which for beauty and fancy of conception have never been equaled, furnishing the Drury Lane pantomime for thirty-seven consecutive years. He was also a prolific writer of short stories, and was a staff writer at different times on the Hunday Times, the Wrekly Dixpdlrh. the Ohscrver, the London Figaro, and the Daily Telryraph, his connection with the latter p:i]H'r extending from 1803 until his death He edited Thomas Dugdale's i?)i<;- larnl and AVales Delineated (1800) and Willough- by's Shakespeare; and was tlie author of two novels. Temple Bar and Man Without a Destiny, and of several guide-books. Consult Scott and Howard (editors). Life of E. L. L. Blanchard (London. 1S91).

BLANCHARD, blilN'shar', Emile (1820- 1900). A French naturalist, born in Paris. .s assistant naturalist to the museum, he was sev- eral times appointed to represent Milne-Edwards in the entomologv course. He was apjiointcd a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1802. and president of that institution in 1881. The follow- in^ are his principal works: Ilisloire naturelle des insectes orthoptcres, neuropt(rcs,etc. (1841) ; Histoire des insectes, traitant de leurs maurs et de leurs metu}nori>hoscs en general (1845); La soologie ayricole (1854 et seq.) ; L'Organisation du rcgiic animal (1851-04).

BLANCHARD, Francois (1738-1809). A French aeronaut. In 1784 he attempted to build a balloon with wings or sails and a rudder, and in 1785 he crossedthe English Channel by bal- loon. In the .same year he used, for the first time, a parachute according to Montgolfier"s ideas, and laid claim to the invention. He came to the United States in 1790, and gave many balloon exliibitions. In 1798, at Rouen, he took up sixteen persons in a single balloon and landed them safely fifteen miles away. He lost his life in 1809 during a balloon ascent. See Aeronau- tics.

BLANCHARD, blfln'chord, Samuel Laman (1804-45). An English journalist and author, born at Great Yarmouth. He studied at Saint Olave's School, and became clerk to a proctor of Doctors' Commons. He subsequently wrote for a journal called The Drama, and was a trav- eling player and a proof-reader. In 1827 he was appointed secretary to the ZoJilogical Society, and in 1828 published Lyric Offerings, a vol- ume of verse dedicated to Charles Lamb. He was appointed acting editor of the Monthly Mag- azine in 1831, and in 1832 of the True Sun, a Liberal newspaper. He also edited the Court Journal in 1887, the Courier in 1837-39, George Cruikshanlc's Omnibus in 1842, and was a mem- ber of the Examiner staff from 1841 until his death. He numbered among his friends Douglas .leiTold, Dickens, Ijcigh Hunt, B. W. Procter, Browning. Cruikshniik, and Bulwer - Lyttim. Some of his essays were collected by Bulwer as Sketches of Life (1840), and his poems by Blan- chard .Jerrold (1876). Another collection of essays appeared in 1855 as Corporation Char- acters.

BLANCHARD, Thomas (1788-1864). An American mecliaiiic and inventor. Among his inventions were : a machine for making tacks, one for turning gun-barrels, a lathe for turning gun-stocks and otlier irregular shapes; a steam- wagon, before locomotives were used ; contrivan- ces to aid steamboats in ascending rapids, and a machine for bemling large timber. He received more than 25 patents for important inventions.

BLANCHE, bliiNsh, August Theodor (1811- 08). A Swedish poet. He was born in Stock- holm, and studied law at the University of Up- sala. In literature he displayed remarkable productivity anil versatility. The works by which he established his reputation were the comedies respectively entitled Uittebarnet (1847); Rika Morbror (1845); and En tragcdi i Wimmerby (1848) — which are still considered among the ornaments of Swedish dramatic lit- erature. His complete works, with a biographi- cal sketch by Hedin, were published at Stockholm in 1891.

BLANCHEELEUR, bliiNsh'fler'. See Flore ET IJLAXCIlKFI.Efl!.

BLANCHE-LYON, bl.'inch'll'iin (from the figure of a white lion). The title of one of the Englisli ]iursuivaiits-at-arms. See I'i'rsuivant.

BLANCHE OF CASTILE, kas-tel' (1187-1252). The daughter of Alfonso IX. of Castile