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* BINGHAM. 83 BINNEY. rector near Winchester. Here he vrot(> his valuable Antiquities of the Christian Churth (1708-1722). which has often been reprinted and translated into various languages. He was sub- sequently rector at Havant. BINGHAMTON, bing'am-ton. A city and the county-se^it of Broome County, N. Y., on the New York, Lake Erie and Western, the main line and branches of the Lackawanna, and the Delaware and Hudson railroads (ilap: New York, E 3 1. It occu])ies an area of 10 square miles at an elevation of about 850 feet, and has a picturesque location. The Susquehanna and Chenango rivers unite within the cit}', and are crossed by several bridges. Among the more prominent buildings may be mentioned the Stone Opera House, courthouse, city hall, post-office, St^te Hospital for the Insane, city hospital. State armory. Central High School, and Susquehanna Valley and Saint Mary's homes for orphan chil- dren. Other features of interest are Ross Park, of about 100 acres, Bennett Park, the driving park, and exposition grounds. The city contains a law library of the Supreme Court and a city and school library of over 13,000 volumes. Binghamton has extensive manufacturing industries, which include cigars, spices, carriages and carriage-trimmings, wagons, sleighs, leather, boots, shoes, clothing, hats, felt, scales, time-recording clocks, motors, dynamos, electrical apparatus, steam and gas en- gines, furniture, glass, bottles, hoes, proprietary medicines, wood-alcohol, and envelopes. First settled in 17S7, Binghamton was called Chenango Point until, in 1800, its situation was slightly changed and its present name adopted in honor of William Bingham, the proprietor of the land in the vicinity. It was incorporated as a village in 1S34, and in 1867 as a city. Its charter pro- vides for a mayor, elected biennially, who ap- points the boards of fire, police, street, civil service, and school commissioners, and a city council which controls the appointments of other important officials excepting the city judge, asses- sors, and board of water commissioners, chosen by popular vote. The annual expenditures of the city amount to about $.520,000, the principal items of expense being .$30,000 each for the de- partments of fire and police, and $1.30.000 for schools. The waterworks, built liy the city in 1867, are under municipal operation. Popula- tion, in 1890. 3.5.00.5 in 1900. 39.647. Consult: Wilkinson, The Annals of Binfihamton (Bing- hamton, 1840) ; and Lawyer. Binyhamton. Its i^cttlement, (Iroicih, and Development (Bingham- ton, 1900). BINGKLEY. A town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the Aire, and the Leeds- Liverpool Canal, 15 miles west-northwest of Lei><ls (Map: England, E 3). It has consider- able worsted, cotton, and paper uianufactures. The town owns its water and gas works and maintains a free public librarv and baths. Popu- latir.n. in 1S91, 17,400; in 1902, 18,500. BINMALEY, ben'nia-lfi'f. A town of Luzon, Philippines, in the Province of Pangasinan, .3 miles east of Lingayen (Map: Luzon, C 2). It is situated in a level region, on the Gulf of Lingayen. Population, in 1898, 13,787. BINTJACLE (earlier hittiiclc, Portug. 5i7a- c&(«, corrupted from l.at. Iiabitactilum, dwelling- place, from hfibitarc, to dwell). A stand for con- BINNACLE. taining and supporting a ship's compass and it3 correctors. It is made of brass or wood. The binnacle-cover is dome- shaped and fits down over the top of the binnacle, prote c t i n g the compass; it con- tains lamps for light- ing up the compass- card at night, and has a glass plate let into the rear side through which the helmsman can see the compass and thtis ascertain the direction of the ship's head. BINNENHOF, bin'nrn - h G f. .See H.GrE. BIN'NEY, A II o s (1803-47). An Ameri- can physician. He was born in Boston. Mass., October 18, 1803, and died in Rome, Febru- ary 18, 1847. He was a man of wealth, a patron of artists and scientists, and an early president of the Boston Society of Natural History. He wrote Terrestrial and Air-Brenthing Molliisks of the United States (Boston, lS47-iS51; Gotild's edition. 1851-59). — Bixney, W. G. (bom 1833), son of Amos Binney, is a conchologist of note who resides at Burlington, N. J. Besides editing his father's works in a new edition publislied in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Vol. IV., 1878), the latter has written Land and Fresh-Water Shells of North America (Smithsonian Instittition, Washington, 1869), and many special papers on this subject. The collection of land and fresh - water shells of North Anteriea, and preparations of their anat- omy, made by the two Binneys, are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. BINNEY, HoR.CE (17801875). An Ameri- can lawyer. He as born in Philadelphia, gradu- ated at Harard in 1797, studied law in the offices of -Jared IngersoU, was admitted to the bar in 1800, and gradually acquired an ex- tensive practice. Between 1807 and 1814 he published Binney's lirports, in six volumes, of the decisions of the Sujireme Court of Pennsyl- vania. Though averse to public life, he .served in the Twcnty-tliird Congress and took a dis- tinguished [)ait. as an opponent to the .Adminis- tration, in the debates over the removal of pub- lic deposits from the United States Bank. He then withdrew from active i)ractice in the courts, and until 1850. when he retired altogether from the bar, confined his legal practice to the prepa- ration of written opinions. Perhaps his most famous case was that of Bidal vs. Girard's E.kcc- ntors, which he argued before the United States Supreme Court in 1844. His argument in this case is cor.sidcred to have greatly modified the oUl conception of the law of charities. Hinney was frequently called upon to speak before pub- lic meetings, and he published addresses on the Life and Character of Chief Justice Tilghman (1827) and the lAfe and Character of Chief Jus-