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* BINDING. 82 Vehertretung (1872-77), in which he attempted a thorough revision of accepted theories respect- ing criminal law, is especially important. But one volume (1808) appeared of his Das Burgun- dixch-Homanische Konigreich. In 188.5 he estab- lished the Systematisches Handbnch dcr deut- sclieii Hechtsicissenschaft. Among liis other publications may be mentioned Die rechtliche Stellung des Kaisers in heutigen deutschen Heiche (1898), and Grundriss des deutschen Sirafiiro-rssi-erhfs { 1899). BINDRABAN, biuilr-i-bvin' (Skr. Vrtidavana, a grove consecrated to Krishna or Vishnu), or Brixd.^bax. a town on the Jumna, in the Dis- trict of iluttra. Northwest Provinces, British India, situated 92 miles south of Delhi (Map; India, C 3). Population, 31,000. It is one of the sacred Hindu cities, and crowds of pilgrims come from all parts chielly to do honor to Krishna. It has several superb temples and shrines, and, through the munificence of wealthy devotees, these are becoming more numerous and costly. Here, as at Benares, the immediate mar- gin of the river is occupied by flights of steps, or ghats, extending for about a mile along the bank. BINDWEED, See Convolvulus, BINET, be'mV, Alfred (1807—). A French psj-ehologist, director of the laboratory of physi- ological psycholog}- at the Sorbonne, Paris. He was born in Xiee, July 8, 1857. He went to Paris in 1871, and, having studied law and medicine, turned hi.s attention in 1880 to ex- perimental and pathological psychology. He has contributed many articles to the Revue J'hilosoiihiiiur, the Rcvuc Scientifique. and Mind. His first book was La psychologic du raisonne- mcnt ; Ifecherchcs cxperimentaUs par I'hypno- tismc (1880), in which he undertook to apply the method of hypnotism to psychological ques- tions, hi a similar vein was Aniuial .Mag- netism (Eng. trans., 1888), which he pub- lished in conjuiction with Charles FfT^. His other works are Perception interietire (1887); Etudes de psychologic expirimcntalc (1888), comprising a section upon sexual psychology (fetiehism in love), one upon the psychic life of micro-oi'ganisms (translated separately, 1889), and a third upon mental inuigery; /.c-; alterations de In personality (1892); Introduc- tion a lu psychologic experimcntale, in connec- tion with Philippe, Courtier, and V. Henri (1894); La fatigue intellect uellc, with the col- laboration of Henri (1898). Since 189.5 Binet has also, together with H. Beaunis and Th, Ribot, edited LWnnic psychologiquc, a yearly volume comprising original articles, a review of the progiess of psycliology, and an index of all publications which bear upon that science, BINET, SATANfi, A pen-name used by Fran- ci>i|U(' Sarcey. BING'EN (anciently, Bingium or ^'incum, capital of a Gallic tribe), A town in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Germany, 17 miles west of Mainz, and nearly opiiosite Riidesheim (Map: Grrniany, B 4). II is situated in a charming country on the left bank of the Rhine, at the mouth of the Xahe, here crossed by a med- ieval bridge built on the foundation of the Roman bridge of Dnisus, a name the bridge still bears. Its (lothic parish church, dating from the Fifteenth Century, contains a fine crypt of nuich BINGHAM. older date. Bingen possesses a Realschule, and 9 number of other educational instituticms. In the vicinity of the town is the Rochusberg, with a chapel, to which annual pilgrimages are made. On tlu> other side of the Xahe is the Rupertsberg, with the ruins of a monastery, in which Saint Hildegard resided in the Twelfth Century. Below the town is the celebrat^'d Binger Loch, formerly a dangerous i)oint in the navigation of the Rhine, but since 1834 rendered safe through the deepening of the channel. In the middle of the river stands the Mouse Tower, in which, ac- cording to the legend. Archbishop Hatto was devoured by mice in the year 909, Bingen's prin- cipal industries include the manufacture of starch and tobacco, and there is a large trade in wine. Population, in 1895, 8187; in 1900, ',»070. Bingen was a town of the ancient Belga Drusus built a castle there and threw a bridge across the Rhine, in li.c. 13. In 1281 it came under the rule of the Archbishop of Mainz, During the Thirty Y.ears' War, it was taken in turn by the French, the Swedes, and the Imperialists! In 1089 the French burned the town and blew up the castle. From 1797 to 1814 the town belonged to France. In 1815 it became a part of Hesse. BINGEK, baN'zhi', Louis Gustave (1850—), A French African explorer, born at Strassburg. In IS87 he started from Bamaku, explored Sikaso, and then turned to Kong, which he was the first European to explore, .fter disproving the hitherto accepted theory that there were mountains in that region, he visited Baronio aud Wagadugu (IStJS), and in 1889 reached Grand Bassam, By treaties, he succeeded in placing Tieba, Kong, and Bontuku under a French protectorate, and thus laid the founda- tion of a French Sudanese empire. He returned to West Africa in 1892, as French commissioner for the settlement of the .Vshanti boumhirica with England, aiul after serving as governor of the Erench territory on the Ivory Coast (1890), became director of the French colonial depart- ment in IS98. His chief publications are Du Mger au golfe de Guinee, par Ic pays dc Kong et dc .Vo.^si (1891), and Esclavage, Islamismc, et Vhri.itianisnie (1895). BINGHAM, bing'am, John Arende (1815- 1900 1. . American jurist and legislator. He was born at iMereer, Pa,, and was educated at Franklin College, Ohio, From 1855 to 1803 he served as a Re))reseiktative in Congress from Ohio, and was chairman of the House board of managers in the impeachment trial of West W, Humphreys, United States district judge of Ten- nessee, who, in an address delivered at X'ashville December 29, 1800, had advocated secession, and was consequently accused of high treason, ilr. Bingham subsequently i)repared and introduced the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United Stales, He conducted the prosecu- tion of .Mrs. Surratt and others charged with complicity in the plot to assassinate President Lincoln and his Cabinet, and was chairman of the board of impeachment of .-Vndrew Johnson in 188, After serving four additional terms in Congress (1804-72), he was, in 1873, appointed United States Jlinister to Japan, which position he held until 1885. BINGHAM, .To.sEPii (1008-1723),. Eng- lish clergyman. He was educated at Oxford, was a tutor iliere in 1091, and somewhat later was a