Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/92

ABRIAZA Y SUPERVIELA. self an unconditional supporter of absolute mon- ARROW, The. A small northern constella- archy, he received an important appointment in tW"- l>ft«een Aquila and the bill of the Swan. Ferdinand VII. 's cabinet, in the department of

AR'ROWHEAD'. An aquatic plant of the foreign afl'airs. His earliest poems, Las prinii- genus Sagittaria, to which the name is sometimes cias, appeared in 1793; Emilia, a didactic poem applied. ISee Aquatic Plants. on the influence of the fine arts, in 1803. Though AR'ROW-HEAD'ED CHAR'ACTERS. See a master of form, Arriaza lacked real depth of Cuneiform Inscriptio-NS feeling, and his poems owed their temporary » T./-r./^TrT-r.^T-»Tm, /, ' vogue to their adaptabilitv as popular songs. A

AR'ROWPOINT, t atherixe. A character complete collection of his verse is to be found '" George Eliot s Daniel Derondu, a clever and in the Bihiiotera de auiores espanoles, vol. 67, woman. Her parents wish and a selection in Wolf's Floresfa de rimas "^r to make a great match, but she marries her modernas raf^tcUanas (Paris. 1S37). ""'*"' teacher. ARRIERE (a'rvar') BAN. Sec Ban. AR'ROWROOT'. A variety of starch ex- AR'RINGTON," Lillie. See Burroughs, tractcd from tlie roots of certain plants grow;ins -r, in tropical countries. It is a nne, starchy larina, ' ■ ■ valued as a delicacy for use in preparing pud- ARRrVABENE, iir're-va-ba'nn. Giovanni, dings, desserts, etc., and as an easily digested Count (17S7-1SS1). An Italian political econo- food for children and invalids. It is obtained mist, born in JIantua. He was arrested in 1820 from the tuberous roots, or. more correctly, the as a revolutionary agitator, and was imprisoned root-stocks (rhizomes), of different species of the for several months, but finally made his escape genus !Maranta. belonging to the natural order and took refuge in England. His political views JIarantacea;, and characterized by solitary ovules, had given the .Austrian Government such deep a fleshy style curved downward, branching stems, offense, however, that in 1824 he was sentenced •ind white flowers. The species chiefly yielding to death in coiilunuiciain, and his property was it is Maraiita aruiidinaceu, a native of tropical appropriated by the State. While he was in America, cultivated in the West India Islands, London he devoted himself mainly to the study '^"fl growing about 2 feet high, with ovato-lanceo- of political economy, and published Benefcenza l"te> somewhat hairy leaves, clusters of small della citta di Londra (1828-32). He lived in flowers on two-flowered stalks, and globular fruit Belgium from 1827 to 1859, and was one of the about the size of currants. The roots (or rhi- organizers of the Economic Congress held in zomes) contain a large proportion of starch. Brussels in 1847. He was active in the founding They are often more than a foot long, of the of the Belgium Economic Societv, and subse- thickness of a linger, jointed, and almost white, quently became its president. Iii 1800 he re- covered with rather large paper-like scales. They turned' to Italy, was appointed Senator, and ai'e dug when a year old, washed, carefully became president of the Economic Society of peeled, and reduced to a milky pulp. By rasping Florence. He did much to improve economic <"' otherwise the roots are reduced to a pulp and conditions in Italv. His principal publications t'le starch removed by bathing with water. Great are Intonio ad un' epoca della mia vita, 1820-22 '•'"■e should be taken to prevent the starch sour- (1860), ilemorie delta mia vita, 179.5-1859 (2 ing and to insure cleanliness. The careful peel- vols., 1S79), and he also prepared a translation '"g of the roots is of great importance, as the in Italian of .John Stuart Jlill's Principles of ^kin contains a resinous matter, which imparts Political Ecdiionni. ^ disagreeable flavor to arrowroot, if allowed to ""^ with it. The West Indian arrowroot most ARROBA (Sp. and Portug. from Ar. nn-itft, a esteemed in the market is grown in Bermuda; quarter, from at, the + rutj, fourth part). A t],e next, and at most equal to it, in Jamaica, weight commonly used m Spain, Portugal, Bra- xhe East Indian arrowroot is not, in general, so zil and in the principal Spanish and Portuguese j,; ],],. valued, perhaps because substitutes for the colonies. In the first of these countries it is „e„uine arrowroot more frequentlv receive that equivalent to the English quarter of a cwt., „a„,e xhe Maranta arundinacea is "now, however, or 28 pounds; it is nearly the same in Portugal, cultivated both in the East Indies and in Africa. etc. In Spam, the arroba is also a measure for i/,„.(,„,„ ;,„/,•„,, ^hich was supposed to be dis- wine, brandy, etc., and contains tour of our tinct from .U«ranM nruHdiHocca, is now regarded quarts. ^^^ ^ mere variety of it. with perfectly smooth ARROM, Cecilia de. See Caballero, Fer- leaves. It is cultivated both in the East Indies KAN. and in Jamaica. .Arrowroot is obtained also ARRONDISSEMENT, il'roN'des'maN'. See f''"'" Catathea attoida and Ctinogi/ne dichotoma, France, paragraph aovenimcnt. plants closely related to JIaranta. Maianta A-Dz-DrtTTj- "/AQ 1. 1 • i xu arunduiacca is cultivated in Florida. AR'ROW (AS. areive, carh, akin to the xhe amount of starch present in the roots of Goth, arliwaz-na, and Lat. arcus, bow). The ^,,g .Maranta varies according to age. and runs most widely distributed in time and space, as ,-j.o,„ g per cent., in those of the voung plant, well as in culture-grade, of all human artifacts. ^^ 2% per cent, when full grown." The latter In the lowest known savagery It IS not differen- ^^ j^ reached when the plant is 10 to 12 tiated from the spear javelin, harpoon, etc., and months old; and the roots then present the foi- ls headed with a tooth in zoJlmimic symbolism of lowing average composition per cent.: the penetrating organ; in higher savagery it is used as a missile, projected with the aid of sling c™de''flbre^"°"™"* 's or atlate (throwing-stick), and in later stages protrin with the bow. In still higher stages the arrow other carbohydrates, fat and ash 1 was enlarged for the crossbow and the catapult, ^ ater 0V4 and the device persists in modern archery. The prepared starch contains some 15 per cent.