Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/837

BELLO. rapacity of secretary to London, to solicit aid for the iSoiitli American insurgents. Here lie held the [josition of secretary of the Colombian Legation until 1S29, when he returned to Cara- cas. Afterwards he removed to Cliile, where in IS.'U he was appointed Secretary of State, and in 1S42 rector of I lie L^niversity of Santiago. His numerous and valuable works include the fol- lowing: Principios de derecho intcrnacional (1S32; latest cd., 1883); Gramdtica de la Icngua castellana, dedicado al uso de los Ame- ricanos (latest ed., 1801). His complete works were published by the Chilean Government in 1885 {(Jbras de Atidres Bcllo, 8 vols., Santiago de Chile: reprinted in Madrid in the Coleccion dc esctilores castellaiios).

BELLOC, (1S70— ). An English writer. He was educated at Balliol College, 0.x- ford, where he took honors in history, and served in the French artillcvv at Toul. His books in- clude: The Ihid Child's Book of Beasls (18BG) ; More Beasts for Worse Children (1807) ; The Modern Traveler (1898) ; Danton (189!)) ; Lamh- kin's [{rntains (1900) ; Robcspirrre (1901) ; and The Path to Rome (New York, 1902).

BELLO HOBIZONTE, bel'lo or'e-zon't&. A city of Brazil. See MixAS.

BELLO'NA (Lift., from belhim, war). The goddess of war among the Romans. She was descrilied by the poets as the companion, sister, wife, or daughter of ilars; she was also repre- sented as armed with a bloody scourge, and as inspiring her votaries with a resistless enthu- siasm in battle. In the war with tlie Samnites, the Consul Appius Claudius vowed a temple to Bellona, which was erected afterwards on the Field of Mars. In this temple the Senate gave axidience to embassies from foreign powers, and also to consuls who had claims to a triumph which would liave been nullified by entrance into the city. The priests of another (Asiatic) god- dess of the same name were styled Bellonurii, and practiced sanguinary rites, such as cutting their own arms or feet, and offering (or even drinking) the blood in sacrifice.

BELLOT, be-16', Joseph Ren£ (1826-53). A Frencli Arctic explorer; born in Paris. He was a lieutenant in the navy, distinguished himself in the French expedition against Tamatave in 1845, and joined an expedition in search of Sir John Franklin in 1851. During this expedition lie accompanied a sledge-party that reached the strait now bearing his name. In the expedition fitted out by the British Admiralty under Cap- tain Inglefield, he sailed as a volunteer in H.M.S. Phoenix, but never returned, having been carried by a violent gust of wind, March 21, 1853, into a deep fissure in the ice. His Journal of a Voy- age to the Polar Seas Made in Seareh of Sir John Franklin in 1851-52, edited, with a notice of his life, was published at Paris in 1854.

BELLOT STRAIT. A narrow passage in the Arctic regions which separates North Somerset from the peninsula of Boothia Felix, and con- nects Prince Regent's Inlet with Franklin Chan- nel. Its east entrance was discovered Iiy Ken- nedy during his search for Franklin, and named after his companion, the Frencli lieutenant Bel- lot. The channel was later with much difiiculty explored by McClintock. It is about 20 miles long, and, at its narrowest part, about 1 mile wide; it lies nearly on the parallel of 72°, be- tween granite shores, which, everywhere high, rise here and there to 1500 or KiOO feet. Through this funnel-shaped passage both the winds and the permanent currents and flood tides which come from the west have full play.

BELLOTTO, bel-lot'tfl, Bernabdo. See Cana- LETTO.

BELLOWS, bel'lus. See Blowing-Machines.

BELLOWS, bel'oz, Henry Whitney (1814- 82 ). A well-known American clergyman. He was born in Boston, Mass., graduated at Har- vard in 1832, and at the Divinity School in 1837, and in 1839 became pastor of the First Congre- gational (now All Souls) Church in New York. He acquired a great reputation as a pulpit ora- tor and as a writer, and in 1846 established the Christian Enqnirer, to which he was the chief contributor until 1850. With unusual literary taste and skill he combined practical and admin- istrative ability of a high order, and as the chief promoter and president of the United States Sanitary Commission from 1861 to 1878, ren- dered a service of almost incalculable value to the country. (See Sanitary Commission.) During the war he directed the expenditure of more tliaii .$5,000,000, and the distribution of more than .$15,000,000 worth of supplies. The most notewortliy of his writings are: The Treat- ment of Social Diseases (1857); Restatements of Christian Doetrine (1860); and The Old World in Its Xew Faee (1869).

BELLOWS FALLS. A village in the town of Rockingham. W iudliam County, Vt., 114 miles northwest of Boston, Mass., on the Con- necticut River, and on the Rutland and the Bos- ton and Maine railroads (Map: Vermont, D 9). The village is surrounded by grand mountain scenery, and is noted particularly for the falls, which, with a descent of about 40 feet, also sup- ply power for manufactories. The principal manufactures are paper, paper-machinery, agri- cultural implements, dairy fixtures, and casein products. The village owns and operates its water-works, and contain.* tlie public libi-ary of the town. Probably settled as early as 1784, Bellows Falls was incorporated in 1833; it is now governed under a charter of 1890. The officers, elected annually, include a clerk, 3 bail- iffs, 3 water commissioners, a street commis- sioner, and 3 fire wardens. Village corporation meetings are convened annually, and at special times, subject to the call of the bailiffs. Popula- tion, in 1890, 3092; in 1900, 4337.

BELLOWSFISH, bel'lus-flsh'. See Globe-Fish.

BELLOY, be-hva, Pierre Laurent Buirette. de ( 1727-75). One of the first French dramatists who ventured to introduce on the stage native, instead of classic heroes. He was born at Saint Flour, in Auvergne, and educated for the law, but became an actor, under the name of Dormont de Belloy. For some years he resided in Saint Petersburg, where the Empress Elizabeth interested herself in him. In 1758 he returned to France, to superintend the production of his tragedy Titus. The piece proved a failure, and he returned to Saint Petersburg. Afterwards, however, he obtained a decided success in Paris by his tragedy of Zelmire. In 1765 appeared Le Siege de Calais, an historical and patriotic drama, which was immensely popular, and ia