Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/828

BELL, BOOK, AND CANDLE. this candle is cast from the sight of men, so be their souls cast from the sight of God into the deepest pit of hell. Amen." The rubric adds: "And then the candle being dashed on the ground and quenched, let the bell be rung." So, also, the sentence of excommunication against the murderers of the Archbishop of Dublin in 1534: "And to the terror and fear of the said damnable persons, in sign and figure that they be accursed of God, and their bodies committed into the hands of Satan, we have rung these bells, erected this cross with the figure of Christ; and as ye see this candle's light taken from the cross and the light quenched, so be the said accursed mur- derers excluded from the light of heaven, the fellowship of angels and all Christian people, and sent to the low darkness of fiends and damned creatures, among whom everlasting pains do endure." See.

BELLE ALLIANCE, bel' a'le-aNs', (Fr., fine union, beautiful alliance). A farm in the Province of Brabant, Belgium, 13 miles south of Brussels. It is famous as the position occupied by the centre of the French Army in the battle of Waterloo, June 18, 1815. The Prussians gave the name Belle Alliance to this decisive battle; the French named it from Mont-Saint-Jean, the key of the British position, about two miles to the north; while the English name, Waterloo (q.v.), is taken from the village where Wellington had his headquarters.

BELLEAU, be-lo', (1528-77). A French poet, born at Nogent-le-Rotrou. He was a member of the Pléiade (q.v.), soldier, courtier, and tutor at the court of Lorraine. He made several translations from the classics (Anacreon, 1556), and published collections of descriptive and pastoral poetry with intermingled prose under the titles, Petites inventions (1557), Bergerie (1565), and Amours et nouveaux échanges de pierres précieuses (1576). His commentaries on Ronsard's Amours showed remarkable scope of classical learning and a delicate taste. He wrote also a rhymed comedy, La reconnue (Recognition), which shows humor and life, and marks progress in the French stage. Belleau is the French Herrick, picturesque, warm, but with a sweetness that cloys, and without true taste or deep passion. His works have been collected by Gouverneur (3 vols., 1867) and by Marty Laveaux (2 vols., 1879).

BELLE CHOCOLATIÈRE,, la bel sho'-ko'Ia'tyar'. A portrait by Jean Etienne Liotard (q.v.) of the Princess of Dietrichstein. Before her marriage, the subject, Annette Beldauf by name and famous for her beauty, was a humble servant in a Viennese café. It is as such that she is represented in the picture. The latter now hangs in the Dresden Gallery.

BELLEFONTAINE, b6l'fon-tan. A city and the county-seat of Logan County, Ohio, on the highest ground in the State, 45 miles northwest of Columbus; on branches of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis, and the Toledo and Ohio Central railroads (Map: Ohio, C 5). It has manufactures of carriage-bodies, iron bridges, harness, tools, flour, and cement, and contains a large plant of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and Saint Louis Railroad, including its yards and car-shops. The city was settled in 1818. It is governed by a mayor, elected for two years, and a city council. There are administrative boards of water-works trustees, gas and electric-light trustees, and of schools, each elected independently by the people. Bellefontaine owns and operates its water-works and gas and electric-light plants. Population, in 1890, 4245; in 1900, 6649.

BELLEFONTAINE,. A fine old character in Longfellow's "Evangeline," the father of the heroine. Of primitive simplicity, he was so devoted to his Acadie that he died of grief over the expulsion of his people.

BELLEFONTE, bel-font'. A borough and county-seat of Centre County, Pa., 87 miles northwest of Harrisburg, on the Bellefonte Central, the Central Railroad of Pennsylvania, and the Bald Eagle Valley branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (Map: Pennsylvania, D 3). It is a summer resort noted for its fine scenery and a famous spring, which, since its utilization in 1807, has not varied in its enormous outflow, abundantly supplying the borough. The State College is 12 miles from Bellefonte. The borough has large lime-quarries and other important industrial interests represented by iron-furnaces, machine-shops, match-factories, shirt-factory, and glass-works. Settled as early as 1770, Bellefonte was incorporated in 1800. The government is administered by a burgess, elected every three years, and a borough council. The water-works are owned and operated by the borough. Population, in 1890, 3946; in 1900, 4216.

BELLEGARDE, bel'gilrd' (Fr. belle, fem. of beau, beautiful + garde, protection). A fortress of the second class, perched on an isolated peak, 1380 feet above the sea, in the Department of Pyrénées-Orientales, France. It commands the road from Perpignan to Figueras. Here the French under Philip III. were defeated by Peter III. of Aragon in 1285. It was captured by the Spaniards in 1674, and again by the French under Marshal Schomberg in 1675. After the Peace of Nimeguen (1678-79) a regular fortress, with five bastions, was erected here by order of Louis XIV. In 1793 it was blockaded and taken by the Spaniards under Ricardos, but was retaken, 1794.

BELLE HÉLÈNE, bel' a'len', (Fr., The beautiful Helen). An opéra bouffe, words by Meilhac and Halévy, set to music by Offenbach, and first given in 1864.

BELLEISLE, bfl'el', . Duc de (1684-1761). A French soldier and statesman. He fought bravely in the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13), and in 1718 against Spain. He became lieutenant-general in 1732, took part in the War of the Polish Succession, and negotiated the treaty three years later whereby Lorraine was united to France. As Minister to Austria he showed himself a determined enemy of the Pragmatic Sanction, and labored to bring the Elector of Bavaria to the throne. In the War of the Austrian Succession he captured Prague, but, finding himself unable to hold it, executed a masterly retreat to Eger (1742). In 1745 he was a prisoner in the hands of the English, but was exchanged. He was made successively duke, peer, and lastly Minister of War. In this last capacity he introduced many useful reforms into the army organization, especially during the Seven Years' War. He