Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/826

BELLAMY. His Complete Works were published in 1811 (3 vols.) and 1850 (2 vols., with a memoir by Dr. Tryon Edwards).

BELL AND EV'ERETT PARTY. See.

BELLANGÉ, bel'liiN'zha', Hippolyte (1800-66). A French painter. He was born in Paris and studied with Gros, and at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He first attracted much attention by his painting, "The Return of Napoleon from Elba," exhibited in 1834. From 1837 to 1853 he was director of the museum at Rouen. His principal works, about thirty in number, are chiefly of battle-scenes, and reveal remarkable insight into the human sides of military life as well as a close familiarity with all the details of battle. The following may be cited as examples of his best work: "Battle of Fleurus, 1794" (1836); "Battle of Wagram, 1809" (1837); "Soldier Returning" (1842); "Kellermann's Charge at Marengo, 1800" (1847); "Passage of the Guaddarama" (1852); "Battle of the Alma" (1855); "Assault on Malakoff" (1859); "Two Friends" (1861); "Cuirassiers at Waterloo" (1865); "The Guard Dies," his last work (1866).

BELL ANIMAL'CULE. See.

BELLARIO, bel-la're-o. (1) A page in Beaumont and Fletcher's play, Philaster, who is in the service of the title-character. Philaster gives this page to his mistress, Arethusa, and later becomes very jealous. His suspicions are dissipated, however, when Bellario turns out to be a woman, Euphrasia, a former love of his. (2) The Paduan lawyer whom Portia pretends to represent in The Merchant of Venice.

BELLARMINE, bel'lar-mln or -men. The name of a jug devised by the Dutch Protestants in ridicule of Cardinal Bellarmino. Its form was after the churchman's figure, and his face was on it.

BELLARMINE, bel'lar-mln or -men. In Italian form, Bellarmino, bel'lar-me'no. Roberto Francesco Romolo. A Roman Catholic theo- logian. He was born at Monte Pulciano, in Tus- cany, October 4, 1542. He entered the Order of Jesuits in 1560, and was distinguished among his confrères by the zeal with which he studied theology, the Church Councils, the Fathers, He- brew history, and the canon law. In 1563 he gave lessons in polite literature and astronomy at Florence, and in rhetoric at Mondovi, 1564- 67. In 1569, when he went to Louvain as pro- fessor of theology, he began that long contro- versy with 'heretics' which formed the main business of his life. From 1576 to 1589 he was professor at the Roman College. Then he went to France, and was in Paris at the time of the siege by Henry IV. In 1591 he was back in Rome and shared in the revision of the Vulgate. In 1592 he became rector of the Roman Col- lege. In 1599 he was mads a cardinal against his own inclination, and though himself a Jesuit, he honorably sided with the Dominicans against Molina's view in a noted controversy. From 1602 to 1605 he was Archbishop of Capua. After the death of Clement VIII. (1605) he declined promotion to the Papal chair, but was induced by Paul V. to hold an important place in the Vatican, where he remained until the time of his death, which took place in the no- vitiate-house of the Jesuits, September 17, 1621.

In his work, De Potestate Pontificis in Temporalibus (On the Pope's Power in Secular Matters), he advocated the doctrine of the spiritual supremacy of the Pope over all kings. On this account the book was condemned as treasonable in Paris, Venice, and Mainz.

His chief work contains the disputations held in the Jesuits' College in Rome, 1576-81, Dispu- tationes de Controversiis Fidei adcersus hujus Temporis Hereticos (3 vols., Rome, 1581; 4 vols., Prague, 1721; 4 vols., Mainz, 1842). These disputations are regarded by Catholics as the best arguments for their tenets. There can be no question of their merits with regard to eru- dition and adroitness in controversy; but such Protestant opponents, and he had many of them as Gerhard, in his Belarminus Orthodoxias Testis (Jena, 1631-33), and Dallæus tried to show that many of the conclusions are far from being sound or logical. Industry, clearness, and acuteness are the chief merits of Bellarmine's great work. He was also conspicuously fair and complete in his statement of his opponents' positions. Among his other writings the most able is the Christianæ Doctrinæ Applicatio, origi- nally written in Italian, and now translated into all the European languages. Pope Urban VIII., at the instigation of the Jesuits, declared Bel- larmine to be a 'faithful servant of God;' but his canonization as a saint has hitherto been opposed. Curiously enough, his autobiography (Rome, 1675; Louvain, 1753; Ferrara, 1762) stood in the way. The book had become very scarce when J. I. von Döllinger and F. H. Reusch reprinted it, Die Selbstbiographie des Kardinals Bellarmin, lateinisch und deutsch, mit geschicht- lichen Erläuterungen (Bonn, 1887). Among his famous controversies were those with James I. of England and the Scotch jurist William Bar- clay, of Aberdeen. His works, edited by Justin Fèvre, were published in Paris (1873-74, 12 vols.). Some of his writings have been trans- lated into English, e.g. The Seven Words from the Cross (London, 1870). For his biography, consult J. B. Coudere (Paris, 1893).

BELLARY, bel-la're, or BALLARI. The capital of the district of the same name in India, 380 miles southeast of Bombay, and 270 miles northwest of Madras, in latitude 15° 8' N. and longitude 76° 59' E. It is an important junction of the railroads to Bombay and Goa, and is one of the principal military stations in the Presidency of Madras; it is connected by good roads with Belgaum, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Madras (Map: India, C 5). The fort, dating from the Sixteenth Century, stands on a rock 2 miles round and 450 feet high, and is supplied with water from tanks excavated in the solid granite. Besides the fort and adjacent cantonment, Bellary includes a native town with fine bazars. It has a considerable trade in cotton. Population, in 1891, 59,500; in 1901, 57,700.

BEL'LASTON,. A character in Fielding's novel, Tom Jones. She is the mistress of the hero, and for some time supports him.

BELLAVITIS, bel'la-ve'tis, (1803-80). An Italian mathematician. He was born at Bassano, near Padua, and was for years professor of mathematical analysis at Padua. He contributed extensively to modern geometry, and is especially known for his work in