Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/823

BELL. BELL, (1856—). An English poet and critic, born in Liverpool, March 2. He has written several volumes of sincere verse: The Keeping of the Vow (1879); Verses of Varied Life (1882); Old Year Leaves (1883); Spring's Immortality and Other Poems (1896); Pictures of Travel and Other Poems (1898). In 1900 appeared a collection of his poems, edited by J. J. Nesbitt. Bell has contributed to the periodicals, and has written several notable critical and biographical essays on Victorian authors, as Charles Whitehead (1884; new ed., 1894) and Christina Rossetti (1898).

BELL, (1837—). An American soldier, born in Williamsburg, Pa. He graduated at Wittenberg College in 1862, entered the Federal Army as first lieutenant of volunteers, and served throughout the Civil War. From 1866 to 1898 he served on the frontier, where he was engaged in suppressing various Indian outbreaks. He participated in the Sioux wars of 1876-81, and the Nez Percés War of 1877, and in July, 1899, became a brigadier-general of volunteers. In October, 1899, he was sent to the Philippine Islands, where in March, 1900, he was placed in command of the Third District of the Department of Southern Luzon, and in April was appointed military governor of the same district.

BELL, (1691-1780). A Scottish traveler. Ho was born in Antermony, and was educated for the medical profession. In 1714 he went to Saint Petersburg, and soon afterwards was appointed physician to an embassy from Russia to Persia. In 1719 he was sent to China through Siberia, and in 1737 went on an embassy to Constantinople, where he settled for some years as a merchant. In 1747 he returned to Scotland. His Travels from Saint Petersburg to Various Parts of Asia was published at Glasgow in 1763.

BELL, (1763-1820). Brother of Sir Charles Bell (q.v.). A Scottish surgeon. He was born in Edinburgh, studied under the celebrated Black, Cullen, and Monro secundus; and while attending the anatomy classes of Dr. Monro, first conceived the idea of teaching the application of the science of anatomy to practical surgery. He commenced in 1786 lecturing in Edinburgh on surgery and anatomy, and in 1793 published the first volume of his Anatomy of the Human Body. In 1797 appeared the second volume, and in 1802 the third. A volume of anatomical drawings by himself, illustrative of the structure of the bones, muscles, and joints, was published in 1794; and another volume, illustrative of the arteries, with drawings by his brother Charles, appeared in 1801. In 1798 Bell passed some weeks at Yarmouth among the seamen of Lord Duncan's fleet wounded at Campertown, and in 1800 he published a Memorial Concerning the Present State of Military Surgery. His System of the Anatomy of the Human Body, and his Discourses on the Nature and Cure of Wounds (1793-95), were translated into German. A good classical scholar, he was distinguished alike for his great conversational powers and general information. Early in 1816 he was thrown from his horse, and, his health declining, he went to Paris, and thence proceeded to Italy. He died in Rome of dropsy. Besides the works mentioned, he was the author of The Principles of Surgery (1801-07; new edition, edited by his brother, Sir Charles Bell, 1826). A posthumous work, entitled Observations on Italy, was published (1825) by his widow.

BELL, (1797-1869). An American statesman. He was born near Nashville, Tenn., graduated at Cumberland College (now Nashville University) in 1814; studied and practiced law, and in 1817 was elected to the State Senate. He served in Congress from 1827 to 1841, for ten years as chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs; and, though at first a free-trader, he was afterwards won over to protection, and took an active part in the debates upon the tariff. He supported General Jackson in the Presidential campaign of 1832, but in 1834 joined the newly established Whig Party, and was elected as its representative, over James K. Polk, to the Speakership of the House. In 1841 he became a member of President Harrison's Cabinet, as Secretary of War: but, with the rest of the Cabinet, excepting Webster, resigned (September 11) on account of the rupture between President Tyler, who had succeeded Harrison, and the Whig organization. From 1847 to 1859 he was a member of the United States Senate, and as such was prominent for his opposition to the spoliation of Mexico, to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and to the Lecompton Constitution of Kansas; while he actively supported the Compromise of 1850. In 1860 he was nominated for the presidency by the Constitutional Union Party (q.v.), and in the ensuing election received the electoral votes of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. At first, though strongly opposed to the policy of 'coercion,' he deprecated secession, and seemed disposed to support President Lincoln; but he soon gave his adherence to the cause of the Confederacy, and advised his State to withdraw from the Union.

BELL, (1811-95). An English sculptor, remarkable for rejecting the classical antique model, and following nature only in his works. He was born in Norfolk in 1811, and first exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, 1832, a religious group. His works are numerous, and of high and original merit. Bell's statues of Lord Falkland, exhibited in model at Westminster Hall (1847), and Sir Robert Walpole (1854), were commissioned for the new Houses of Parliament. One of his best-known designs is a monument to the Guards who fell in the Crimea, executed in 1858. In decorative art he also distinguished himself. He was one of the sculptors of the Prince Consort Memorial in Kensington Gardens, London, which was unveiled in 1873, his work being the group representing the United States directing progress of America. Bell is the author of a Freehand Drawing-Book for the Use of Artisans. He died in 1895.

BELL, Sir (1816-1904). An English manufacturer and politician, born at Newcastle-on-Tyne. He was mayor of Newcastle from 1854 to 1862, member of Parliament for Hartlepool from 1875 to 1880, and in 1885 was created a baronet. He was the founder of the Clarence Iron-works, on the Tees, and wrote: The Chemical Phenomena of Iron-smelting (1872), and a