Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/738

BEAUREGARD. 1870, became Adjutant-General of Louisiana in 1878, and for some years was manager of the State Lottery. He declined an appointment to the chief command of the Rumanian troops in 1866, and, three years later, a similar appointment from the Khedive of Egypt. Consult Roman, Military Operations of General Beauregard (New York, 1883).  BEAUREPAIRE-ROHAN, , (c.1818-94). A Brazilian traveler and geographer, born in the Province of Piauhy of French extraction. In 1845 he began the exploration of territory south of Rio de Janeiro. He penetrated into Paraguay, subsequently publishing the results of his exploration in the work entitled Descripção de uma viagem de Cuyabá ao Rio de Janeiro (1846). Afterwards he was appointed by the Brazilian Government to collect statistical information on the interior provinces of the country. He later became lieutenant-general in the Brazilian Army, and in 1877 published the important geographical work entitled Etudios acerca da organização da carta geographica e da historia physica e politica do Brazil (1877).  BEAU'S DU′EL, ; or,. A comedy by Susannah Centlivre, taken from Mayne's City Match. It was produced in October, 1702, at Lincoln's Inn Fields, and was printed in quarto in the same year.  BEAU SABREUR, (The Handsome Swordsman). A name applied to Murat.  BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPRÉ, , (1766-1854). A distinguished French hydrographer, born at Neuville-au-Pont. He accompanied the expedition sent in search of La Pérouse in 1791, and made valuable charts of many of the places visited then and subsequently, when he was employed in all the important hydrographic labors undertaken during the Empire and the Restoration. The perfection of his work earned him the name of ‘the father of hydrography.’ He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1810, and was appointed chief hydrographer and keeper of the dépôt of marine and the colonies in 1814.  BEAU′TIFUL SNOW. A well-known poem by John W. Watson, published in 1858 in Harper's Weekly.  BEAUTY,. See ;.  BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. A story, first told in Straparola's Piacevoli notti (1550), of a self-sacrificing daughter who accepts the addresses of a beast, and later falls in love with him because of his kindness. This breaks the spell, and he regains his human form. There is a French version in Mme. Villeneuve's Contes marines (1740); another by Mme. Beaumont (1757). Among numerous English adaptations may be mentioned that of Miss Thackeray. It is 'also the basis of Grétry's opera, Zémise et Azor. <section end="Beauty and the Beast" /><section begin="Beauvais" /> BEAUVAIS, (from Bellovacum). The capital of the Department of Oise, in the old Province of Ile de France, France, situated in the Valley of the Thérain (a tributary of the Oise), 41 miles north-northwest of Paris, and surrounded by rising woodlands (Map:, H 2). It is the seat of a bishop, and contains a public library of 20,000 volumes, a museum, etc. Among its several fine buildings, the most noteworthy is its uncompleted Cathedral of Saint Pierre, which consists of nothing but a choir and transept of amazing proportions, built in the decorated Gothic style. It was begun in 1225 and was intended to rival that of Amiens. The Basse Œuvre is the former cathedral, a Romanesque building of great antiquity. The manufactures of Beauvais include woolen cloth, shawls, carpets, Gobelin tapestry, etc. Beauvais carries on a brisk trade in grain and wine. Population, in 1890, 19,900. It was included in the country of the powerful Bellovaci, in Gallia Belgica, and was known by the Romans as Cæsaromagus, afterwards as Bellovacum. The Jacquerie, or Peasants' War, broke out in the neighborhood of Beauvais, March 21, 1358. In 1472 the town was besieged by Charles the Bold of Burgundy, with an army of 80,000 men, when the women of Beauvais, under the leadership of the heroine, Jeanne Lainé, surnamed La Hachette for her daring, joined in the defense. Consult Labande, Histoire de Beauvais (Paris, 1892). <section end="Beauvais" /><section begin="Beaux, Cecilia" /> BEAUX,, (1863—). An American figure and portrait painter. She was born in Philadelphia; studied painting first from William Sartain, then, going to Paris in 1899, under Bouguereau and Constant, Courtois and Dagnan-Bouveret. She has received a number of prizes, including the gold medals of the Philadelphia Art Club (1893), the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg (1899), the Buffalo Exposition (1901), and the Dodge prize of the National Academy, and is a member of the Society of American Artists, the National Academy, and the Société Nationale des Beaux Arts. Among her best-known paintings are “Last Days of Infancy” (1885), portraits of Rev. James Grier and her niece Ernesta, “Sita and Sarita,” “Cynthia” (Miss Sherwood), “The Dreamer,” “Mother and Daughter,” “A New England Woman” (Philadelphia Academy), and “Dorothea and Francesca,” daughters of Richard Watson Gilder, whose portrait she also exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. She was a member of the international jury of the Paris Exposition of 1900. Miss Beaux unites with a fine feeling for color a freedom of brushwork which contributes much to the pleasure-giving qualities of her art. There is no sense of effort conveyed in the manipulation of pigment; no dull and heavy tones. Everything she paints lives through the vivacity of her happy stroke, and her work becomes art by the felicitous way in which it is done. <section end="Beaux, Cecilia" /><section begin="Beaux' Stratagem, The" /> BEAUX’ STRAT′AGEM,. See . <section end="Beaux' Stratagem, The" /><section begin="Beaux-Arts, Académie des" /> BEAUX-ARTS,,. One of the five academies of the Institut de France. Its origin is traced to an unofficial association of artists in the Fourteenth Century, which received royal recognition in 1648, and was united in 1795 with the Academy of Architecture. Its membership numbers 41, besides 10 honorary and 10 foreign associates, and 40 corresponding members. Its publications embrace transactions, memoirs, and the Dictionnaire Général des Beaux Arts. <section end="Beaux-Arts, Académie des" /><section begin="Beaver" /> BEA′VER (AS. beofer, Ger. Biber, OCh. Slav. bebrŭ, Skt. babhrus, large ichneumon, also ‘brown’; to this latter root the word may possibly ultimately belong). A large aquatic rodent<section end="Beaver" />