Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/632

BARTHOLOMEW'S. acknowledge before the Parlemeiit his sole re- sponsibility for the deed. The real part which the King took is hard to determine. Very re- luctant at first to give his consent, he later, it is said, took a fiendish delight in the proceedings; bnt, on the other liand, some would have it that he died with remorse for the massacre. The weak and wavering character of Charles IX. make it possible that both accounts are true in some degree. But whatever the other factors may have been, Catharine's imperative will and his own natural weakness leave little room for doubt as to the actual responsibility. The Pope solemnly celebrated the event as the deliverance for the Church in France from the machina- tions of the Huguenots to overthrow the Catliolie monarchy and religion. Many Huguenots sought refuge in the mountains of the south and in La Rochelle. That city was besieged by the Duke of Anjou, but upon his receiving the news of his election as King of Poland, he made an agreement, July G, 1573, by which the King was to grant amnesty to the Huguenots and the riylit to exercise their religion in certain towns.

For further reference, consult: White, ilassa- crc of 8aint Bartholomew (London, IStiS) : Baird, History of the Bi.ie of the Huguenots of France (New York, 1870-83); Baumgarten, Tor der Bartholomausnacht (Strassburg, 1882) ; Martin, Histoire de France, Vol. IX. (Paris, 18(!5).; Duruy, Histoire de France, trans, by Carey, Vol. IL (New York, 1889) ; Due de Sully, Memoirs (London, 18.56).

BARTHOLOMEW BAYOU, bi'ijo. A river or bayou (q.v. ) of the United States (Map: Arkansas, D 4). From its source in the south- eastern part of Jefferson County. Ark., it flows in a tortuous course southeast, then south, and, crossing into Louisiana, takes a southwesterly direction and empties into the Ouachita River, in Ouachita Parish, La. It is about 27.5 miles long, and is navigable for 200 miles.

BARTHOLOMEW FAIR. The great annual market, a relic of the mediipval ages, formerly held at est Sniithfield, London. It dates from a charter of 1133 granted by Henry I. to his jester, Rahere, wlio had turned monk and founded the priory of Saint Bartliolomew. The fair be- gan annually on Saint Bartholomew's Day (August 24, old style, September 3, new calen- dar), and lasted fourteen days; but in 1691 was curtailed to four days, and afterwards to three days. Its staple article of commerce was cloth, with the addition of leather, pewter, live stock, and miscellaneous goods. The crowd was at- tracted by the variety of amusements afforded — in the early days, miracle plays, aftenvards secular plays, and at all times mountebanks, etc. — the history of which through succeeding centuries is interesting reading. It gradually degenerated from its original usefulness to a scene and season of riot and dissipation, and as a menace to public morals was abolished in 1855. Consult: Morley, An. Historical Account of Bartholomexc Fair (London, 1810) : id. Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair (London. 1859).

BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL, Smithfield, London. Originally it formed part of the priory of Saint Bartholomew, founded in 1102 by Rahere. the king's minstrel, who was the first prior of the convent of Augustinian Canons, founded by him in Smithfield. At the dissolution of the religious houses, it was founded anew by Henry VIII., and the endowment has been subsequently enlarged from various sources, public and private. The hospital contains 675 beds, and affords relief to 150,000 patients annually. There is a medical school attached, in which about 400 students are gathered; and a convalescent home accommodating 75 patients.

BAR'TIZAN. A small stone closet, thrown out upon corbels over doorways, and on other parts of mediæval castles, generally for defense, but sometimes only for convenience to the inmates and defenders. The word is not used before Scott. It is probably a Scotch corruption of bratticing or bretticing.

BART'LETT, (1805-55). An American physician. He was born at Smithfield, R. I., graduated at the medical department of Brown University, was a lecturer on pathological anatomy, and was a professor in Transylvania (Ky.) College, and in the universities of Maryland and New York, and the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons. He wrote an Essay on the Philosophy of Medical Science (1844); Fevers of the United States (1850); and a volume of poems, entitled Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures in Mr. Dickens's Gallery (1855). He was also editor of the Monthly Journal of Medical Literature.

BARTLETT, (1845-1905). An American composer, organist, and teacher. He was born at Olive, N. Y., December 28, 1845, and was one of the best-known as well as most prolific of modern American musicians, his compositions and arrangements, numbering nearly 200. He exhibited unusual precocity, and in 1861 began his studies with S. B. Mills, Max Braun, Jacobsen, and others. At the same time he commenced his career as a composer, and subsequently held various positions in New York City and vicinity as organist, etc. Among his most popular compositions are a concert polka for pianoforte; an organ toccata; violin and orchestra concerto; tenor song, L'amour; and a cantata for chorus and orchestra, The Last Chieftain. He was particularly successful in his glees and part-songs for men and women's voices.

BARTLETT, (1820—). An American editor and publisher; born at Plymouth, Mass. He became senior member of the firm of Little, Brown & Co., Boston, in 1878. He compiled a well-known and valuable collection of quotations from poets and prose-writers, entitled Bartlett's Familiar Quotations (1855), which has passed through many editions. He also published in 1894 an exhaustive concordance to Shakespeare.

BARTLETT, (1805-86). An American bibliographer, lexicographer, and ethnologist. He was born in Providence, R. I.; passed his early life at Kingston. Canada; became a banker in Providence, and later a bookseller in New York, and returned to Providence in 1850. From 1850 to 1854 he served on the commission appointed by President Taylor to fix the boundary between the United States and Mexico, in accordance with the Treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo, and from 1855 to 1872 was Secretary of State for Rhode Island. He was a voluminous writer, among his publications being The Progress of Ethnology (1847); A Dictionary of Americanisms (1850), which went into many editions, and was long a standard book of refer-