Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/619

BARRETT. cess's Theatre in 1881, and produced that autumn Tlic Lights o' London, whieli lield the boards for 280 liijihts. In 1882 came The ,Sih-cr himi, wit)i liarrett's role of Wilfred Denver, which had an even lonfier run, and, like the other, has been re])eatedly revived. His Hiunlcl was fir.st presented in London in October, 18S4. Tliis was liis best Sliakespearean part, the other most notable being Othello (18!)7). In 18S(i he produced Clito, a trajjedy written by liiniself in col hibora lion with Sydney lirundy. His own drama of Xunadays. lie brought out in 1881), and his I'haiaoh. at Leeds, in 1802. The most successful of liis own plays was The Sinn of the Cross, founded on legends of the early Christian martyrdoms under N^ero. Produced in America in 1S95, it met with great popular favor, and though severely dealt with by some of the critics, had a run of considerably more than a year at the Lyric Theatre. London, which Barrett took in 1800. There, in February. 1S!)7, he pro- duced his Dtiui/hters of Bfihijlon. He also pro- duced his own adaptations of several well- known novels, among them Hall Caine's Deem- ster (as Ben Mil Chree, 1S88) ; The Bondinnn (180.3): and .Viinxman (1804): and 8ienkie- wicz's Quo Vndis.f (at Edinburgh. May, 1900). Besides his dramatic writings and various con- tributions to periodicals, he was author or joint author of several works of fiction, among them novels based on The Sign of the Cross and Dnnghters of Babi/lon.

He was well known in America, having come here for more or less extended tours in 1880. 1888, 1889, 1803, and 1807. In 1898 he visited Austra- lia. In 1800 he became manager of the house so long under Henry Irving's immediate direction, the Lyceum. Consult Scott, The Drama of Yes- terday and To-Day (London, 1800).

BARR'HEAD. A police burgh in Renfrew- shire, Scotland, 3i.> miles southeast of Paisley (ilap: Scotland. D 4). Cotton-mills, engineer- ing, and other works, combined with its railwiiy facilities, make it a busy and thriving town. It was foundeil in 1773. Population, in 1801, 8200; in moi. !l!lOn.

BAR'RI, GiH.Lnus de. See Giraldus de Barri.

BARRIAS, ba're'As', Ff.Lix .TosEPii (1822—). A French artist, born in Paris. He studied under Leon Cogniet. and in 1844 took the grand pri.T de Home with "Cincinnatus Receiving the Deputies of the Senate." One of his best-known works is "Exiles L'nder Tiberius" (18.)1, Luxem- bourg (iallery). He has also executed frescoes in the Grand Hotel dii Louvre, and the churches of Saint Eustache and the Trinite (Sainte- Genevi^ve Hiapel).

BARRIAS, Louis Erxest (1841-100.5). A French sculptor, born in Paris. He was a pupil of Cavelier and Cogniet. In 180.5 he won the Prix de Rome. He gained his first noteworthy success in 1871 with the "Spartacus" for the Tuileries Garden. Among bis later works are the Carnot .Memorial for Bordeaux (1890) and the bronze statue of Lavoisier for Paris (1900).

BAR'RICADE' (Fr., Sp. barricada, literal- ly, made of liarrels, from harriea, barrel). An improvised defensive work, emjiloyed to bar nar- row passages, streets, roads, etc. When built by regular troops, use is made of beams, chains, chcvaux-de-frise, and other specially adapted materials: if erected by civilians or mobs, any available material that may be at hand is used- Barricades have been used since the earliest times, but arc perhaps better known in connection with the insurrections in the city of Paris. After his ascension to the throne Napoleon III. wid- ened the principal streets of Paris and laid them with asphalt, so as to render the successful erec- tion of barricades next to impossible.

BARRICADES, The Days of the. A phrase applied to popular uprisings in Paris. The first was ilay 12, lo88, when the people rose against the Due de Guise and barricaded the streets; another. August 5. 1048, when the people rose at the eommencement of the Fronde: others, again, in July. 1830, and in February, 1848.

BAR'RIE. The capital of Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada, 50 miles north-northwest of Toronto, on Lake Simcoe (llap: Ontario, D 3). It has gas and electric lighting, waterworks, a collegiate institute, schools, churches, and manu- factures of woolen goods, stoves, leather, flour, and pumps. It is a favorite summer resort, and the starting-point of the Lake Simcoe steamers. The United States has there a consular agent. Poinilation, in 1891, 5550; in 1901, 5919.

BARRIE, James Matthew (1800 — ). A Scottish novelist. He was born at Kirriemuir, Scotland, May 9, 1800. He graduated from Edinburgh I'niversity in 1882, when he became a journalist, and soon gained notice by his clever delineations of Scottish village life. He has written Better Dead (1887) : Aiild Licht Idylls (1888); When a Man's Single (1888); A Win- doip in Thrums (1889); Ml/ Lady Nicotine (1890) ; The Little Minister (1891) ; An Auld Livht Manse (1893); Sentimental Tommy (1806); a continuation bearing the title of Tommy and 6')i>eZ (1900); and Margaret Ogilry (1890). He has also written several dra- matic pieces — The Professor's Love Story (1802): The Barrister (1899); The Weddinff (luest (1900) — and several volumes of miscel- laneous papers and short stories. Barrie is the most important figure in a group of recent wri- ters who have taken for subjects the pathos and humor of homely Scotch life. Stories of a simi- lar kind had been written long before by John Gait and others, but they had been forgotten by the public. Barrie has more pathos and humor than any of his predecessors or contemporaries in this style of fiction. Consult: Barrie, Xovels, Tales and Sketches, author's edition, 8 vols. (London. 1897); and Hauimerton, James Mat- thew Barrie and His Books (London, 1900).

BARRIÈRE, ba'ryar', Jean Francois (1786- 1868). A French publicist, born in Paris and educated at the Academy of Saint Barbe. He held various journalistic positions, and in 1833 became associated with the Journal des Dd- bats, to which, until his extreme old age, he was one of the most active contributors. He devoted himself principally to historic sketches and stud- ies of the Eighteenth Century and the Revolu- tionary period. Among his principal works are the following: Mcmoires de Mnie. Campan (1823); Bibliotheque des mcmoires relatifs d, I'histoire de France pendant le SVIIIe siecle, 12 vols. ( 1S4O-40).

BARRIERE, Theodore ( 1823-77 ). A French dramatic author, born in Paris. His first nota-