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BARDESANES. denied the charge of polytheism which was brought against him.

The book of Latcs of Countries — Cureton,/8pict- legiiim fiyriacum (London, 1855), and the Ante- Nicene Fathers, viii. 723 ff. (New York, 1895) — is not the work of Bardesanes, as some have thought, but comes from one of his school and reflects his views. For the early references to Bardesanes consult: Harnaek. Geschichte der oltchristUcheii Litteratur, Vol. I. (Leipzig, 1893) : for monographs on Bardesanes (in Gei-- man), Hahn (1819) ; Merx (1803) ; and Hilgen- feld (18(i4). Consult in general, Hort. "Bar- daisan," in Smith and Wace, Dictionary of Chris- tian Bioijraphy (London, 1887).

BARDI, biir'de, B.kdodi. A blind old scholar in George Eliot's novel, Romola. He. is the father of the heroine.

BARD OF A'VON, A frequent title of Shake- speare, from liis liomc at Stratford-on-Avon.

BAR'DOLPH, One of Falstaff's followers in Shakespeare's Henry IV., Henry V., and The Merry Wives of Windsor. He is, first, corporal, then lieutenant in his leader's 'ragged regiment,' everywhere conspicuous for his red nose.

BARDOUX, biir'doo', Agenor, pen - name Agenor Brady (1829-97). A French politician and author, born at Bourges. He studied law in Paris, and in 1871 was elected to the National Assembly. In 1876 he was elected to the Cham- ber of Deputies, and from 1877 to 1879 was ^Minister of Public Instruction. He was elected a permanent Senator in 1882, He wrote Les Icyistes et leur influence sur la societe francaisc (1877), Le comte de Montlosier et le gallican- isme (1S81). Ln bourycosic francaise (1886), Chateaubriand ( 1893), and G«(:o« (1894).

BARDO'WIEK, b;^r'd.V^•-ek. A town in the Province of Hanover. Prussia, on the Ilmenau River, three miles north of Liineburg. In 1189, when it was destroyed by Henri the Lion, it ranked as the principal couunereial centre of Northern Germany. Ruins of a cathedral of splendid proportions exist, incorporated with a Fourteenth-Century Gothic church. Population, in 1900, 2002.

BARD'SEN, (c.l300-c.l3.50). A Green- land magistrate. He was born in Oster Bygd, or the East District of Greenland, and held the position of steward under the Bishop of Gardar. In 1339 he was sent with several vessels to relieve the sister colony of Vester Bygd, or the West District, which had been invaded by the Eskimos. The manuscript of his account of this expedition, with sailing directions, was found many years later in the archives at Copen- hagen, and was sulisequently traTislated into various languages. The lirst English translation seems to have been made for Henry Hudson. Danish, Latin, and English versions may be found in Major's Voyages of the Venetian Broth- ers, A', and A. Zcno (1873), and an English ver- sion, with the original text, was published by the Hakluyt Society in 1873. Consult B. F. De Cosla,".s'ni7iH(/ Directions of Henry Hudson, pre- pared for His Vse in UidS from the Old Danish of I car Hardsen (Albany, 1809),

BARDS'TOWN. A city and county-seat of Nelson County, Ky., 39 miles south by east of Louisville; on the Louisville and Nashville Rail- road (Map: Kentucky, F 3). It contains the Nelson Normal and High School, the Bards- town Institute (co-educational), and Saint Jo- seph's Orphanage (Roman Catholic). The city- is a shipping point for hogs, cattle, grain, and whisky, and has distilleries, flouring and saw- mills, cooperage works, and a wagon factory. Population, in 1890, 1524; in 1900, 1711.

BARDWAN, bflrd-wan' (Pers., formerly Wardbatnaaa, the thriving, growing one). A city on the Daiiioda River, in the District and Division of Bardwan, Bengal, British India, on the Grand Trunk Railroad from the Hugli to- the Northwest Provinces, in latitude 23° 12' N., and longitude 87° 56' E., 74 miles from Cal- cutta (Map: India, E 4), It is a miserable place — an aggregate of second-rate suburbs. It, contains numerous temples and a large palace. Population, 34,500. The Division of Bardwan has an area of 13,850 square miles. Popula- tion, in 1891, 7,689,300; in 1901, 8,245,000,

BAREA, bii'ra-a (Abyss., slaves). The name- of a negro tribe living in the mountains nortli of Abyssinia. They have suffered greatly froin_ the continual raids of slave-traders, and are now much reduced in numlicr. An account of this people is given in Jlunzinger's Ostafrika- nisehe i<tudien ( Schaffhausen, 1864), and a. grammar of their langtiage was published (Vien- na, 1874) by Reinisch, who utilized Munzin- ger's manuscript collections. See African Lax- GUAGES.

BARE'BONES, or BARBON, Praise-God- (c. 1590-1679). A London tanner and fanatical member of the Parliament of 1653, which became known by his name. In 1059 he headed a pro- cession of people to protest against the restor.i- tion of Charles IL, and in consequence spent some time in the Tower in 1602. He had been chosen minister of a Baptist congregation short- ly after 1630, and became very popular as a preacher.

BAREBONES PAR'LIAMENT, A name in derision applied to Cromwell's 'Assembly of Nominees,' from one of its members, the leather-merchant, Praise-God Barebones. This Parliament was composed of 140 members selected by the General-in-Chief and the Council of the Army from lists of nominees submitted by the Congregational churches in each county. It met on July 4, 1653; and Cromwell, in a long speech, impressed upon its members their responsibility as godly men. It was expected, apparently, to perform the functions of a kind of constituent convention, preparing the way for the election of a regular Parliament, into whose hands it was to resign its authority. Much ridicule has been cast upon it for its alleged unpractical character. Its attempt to abolish tithes and the Court of Chancery, without providing proper substitutes, has been especially criticised. As a matter of fact, it was a very respectable body, containing many able men. Several very wise measures were enacted. Among these was an ordinance providing for the civil marriage celebration before justices of the peace, and for civil marriage registration by elected parish registers. Its provisions were in harmony with the contemporary laws of the New England Colonies, and anticipated the essential principles of the present English system by nearly 200 years. But the Assembly attempted constitutional legislation which Cromwell regarded as beyond its province; and so, on December 12,