Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/567

BARABOO. boo, incorporated in 1882, is governed by a mayor, elected biennially, and a municipal council. Population in 1890, 4605; in 1900, 5751.

BARABRA, ba-raljra, or BER'BEBINE. (Ar.). A mixed ethnic group, Nubian, Egyptian, and Arab, living on the Middle Nile, between the First and the Fourth Cataract. Cephalic index, 76. The Dongolese belong to this group.

BARACOA, bil'ra-kO'a. A seaport town in the Province of Santiago de Cuba, on the north- eastern coast of Cuba, about 90 miles east by north of the city of Santiago (Map: Cuba, L 6). It exports tropical fruits. Founded by Diego Velasquez in 1512, the first settlement on the island, Baracoa was the capital of Cuba from 1518 to 1522. Near here Maceo and his handful ot followers inaugurated in February, 1895, the revolution which terminated in Cuban independence. Population, in 1899, 4937.

BARADA, ba-rii'da. Supposed to be the Abana of the Bible, and called Chrysorrhoas by the Greeks. A river of Syria, which rises in Antilibanus, and flowing southeastward, passes through Damascus, where it is divided into sev- eral branches, and empties into the marshy Meadow Lakes, 18 miles east of the city (Map: Palestine, E 1). Its waters are used extensively for the irrigation of the gardens of Damascus.

BARADAS, ba'ra'dii'. Count. A character in Bulwer's Richelieu, who conspires against the Cardinal. He is a favorite of Louis XIII., whom he also desires to slay. His plot to place the Duke of Orleans on the throne is discovered just as he is raised to the position of prime minister.

BARAGA, bar'a-ga, (1797-1868). An Austrian Roman Catholic bishop and missionary. He was born in Carniola, Austria; came to this country in 1830, and spent the remainder of his life in the Chippewa and Ottawa missions in Michigan. He prepared a Chippewa grammar (1851) and dictionary (1851-53), which may be considered as taking high rank among contributions to Indian philology. He also wrote in German a work on the History, Character, Manners, and Habits of the North American Indians (1837).

BARAGUAY D'HILLIERS, ba'ril'ga'de'y&', (1795-1878). A French general, the son of Louis Baraguay d'Hilliers (q.v.). He was born in Paris, entered the army, and was wounded at the battle of Leipzig, 1813. He served in Spain in 1823, obtained in 1832 the appointment of lieutenant-governor in the military school of St. Cyr, where he suppressed a republican conspiracy, and made a number of campaigns in Algeria. After the Revolution of February, 1848, he was chosen a member of the National Assembly, in which he joined the party of reaction. In the beginning of November, 1849, he went to Rome as commander-in-chief of the French army sent to sustain the authority of the Pope. He returned in 1850, and in January, 1851, obtained the command of the Army of Paris, in the place of Changarnier. Baraguay d’Hilliers concurred in the policy of the coup d'état of December, 1851, and was made a member of the Consultative Commission. During the Crimean War he received the command of the French Expeditionary Corps of the Baltic, and coöperated with the British fleet in the capture of Bomarsund. He was afterwards made a marshal of France, and took part in the Italian War of 1859, distinguishing himself at Solferino. In 1871 he was made president of the court appointed to investigate the conduct of the generals who had surrendered fortresses during the war with Prussia.

BARAGUAY D'HILLIERS, (1764-1813). A distinguished general of the French Empire. He was born in Paris, and after serving under Custine and Menou, received an appointment in the Army of Italy from Napoleon, serving in the campaigns of 1790-97. He was made a general of division, and after the preliminaries of Leoben, April 18, 1797, became commandant of Venice. He accompanied the expedition to Egypt, and afterwards successively held appointments in the armies of the Rhine and the Tyrol, and in Catalonia. He headed a division in the Russian campaign of 1812, but on the retreat he incurred the displeasure of Napoleon. He was sent as governor to Berlin, where lie died soon afterwards.

BARANOFF, ba-rii'nflf, Alexander Andrey- EVITCH (1740-1819). The first Governor of Russian America. In 1796 he established a colony on Bering Strait; in 1799 took posses- sion of the largest of the Sitka Islands (now Baranov Island), began trade with the natives, and subsequently extended his operations to Canton, the Hawaiian Islands, Boston, New York, and other distant places. He founded a small colony in California, near the present San Fran- cisco, but this was soon abandoned. He died at sea near Java, while on his return to Russia.

BARANOV (ba-nl'n6f) IS'LAND. The most important island of the Alexander Archipelago, off the southwest coast of Alaska (Map: Alaska, H 4). It is about 100 miles long and 25 miles broad in its widest part. Sitka (population, in 1900, 1396), the capital of the Territory, is on the northwest coast of the island.

BARANTE, bii'iaxt', Aimable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, Baron de (1782-1860). A French statesman and historian. While yet young he was employed in political missions in Germany, Poland, and Spain, and was prefect at Nantes at the time of Napoleon's return from Elba, when he at once resigned. On the Second Restoration he was made Councilor of State and Secretary-General to the Minister of the Interior, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. In 1819 he was made a peer of France, and took an active part in the debates of the Chamber. After the Revolution of 1830, he was sent as Ambassador to Turin, and five years later filled the same position at Saint Petersburg. He supported Louis Philippe, and retired from public life on the fall of the monarchy in 1848. His great work is the Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne (1824, 8th ed. 1858), which procured for him membership in the Academy. Among his other works are Histoire de la Convention nationale (1851-53); Histoire du Directoire (1855); Etudes historiques et biographiques (1857); and Etudes littéraires et historiques (1858). Consult Souvenirs du baron de Barante, edited by his grandson (Paris, 1890-99).

BARASINGHA, b:'ir'asiii'g:i. A swamp-deer (Cervus Duvaucelli) of Northern India — a native name adopted by sportsmen. See.