Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/531

BANDA ISLANDS. Bancln, on Banda Xuira. It is well fortified, and has a good iiarbor. The popuhition of the inlands is about SOOO, of which about TiOO are Europeans. The Banda Islands were discovered in 1512 by the Portuguese, who were dispos- sessed by the Dutch in the Seventeenth Century Since then they have shared the fate of the rest of the Molucca Islands (q.v.). Consult: War- burg, i'"! Beitnuj zur Kulturgeschichte der Bundn-Iiiscln (Leipzig, 1897).

BANDAN'A (Hind. bOiidhiia, from the dye- in" of wares with those parts tied Ibuiulh, cord, ti(s band] that are to remain imdyed ) . A printed handkerchief of Indian origin, now extensively made in America, usually of cotton. The cloth is first dyed Turlcey-red, and then the pattern is made by" discharging the color with bleaching li(|Uor in a hydraulic press. The pattern to be discharged is cut out on two plates of some metal, such as lead, which is not acted on by the liquor, the plates being the full size of the hand- kerchief. A dozen or more handkerchiefs are put in at once between the plates, and so many of these courses are entered together as will fill the press. Then the pressure is applied, and the liquor is run in on the upiJerniost plate, which is grooved on the iipjier side to receive it, and holed to pass it from plate to plate through all the cloth-folds in the press. The pressure on the cloth to make clean work by preventing the spreading of the liquor is enormous. The pat- terns in the real bandana style of printing are spots and diamond prints, the best suited for discharging, and even for these a pressure of .500 tons is required to work them clean.

BANDA ORIENTAL, biin'da O're-en-tiil' ( Sp., eastern shore ). A name formerly used to designate the South American country of Uru- guay.

BANDEL, biin'del, Eenst VON (1800-7G). A German sculptor. He was born at Ansbach, and made his artistic studies at the JIunich Acad- emy. .fter some jears in Nuremberg and Rome, he returned to ilunich, where he made portrait busts. In 1834 he went to Hanover, and undertook, among other larger works, the colossal statue of the German hero Hermann or Arminius at Detmold, to which he devoted the best years of his life and a large part of his own resources. In 1871 the Imperial Government contributed 10,000 thalers to the work, and the statue was unveiled in 1875, the sculptor receiv- ing a pension of 12,000 marks in recognition of his devoted services. For his life, consult Schmidt (Hanover, 1892).

BANDELIER, ban'de-ler', Adolph Francis Alphon.se (18-10 — ). An American archaeolo- gist, born at Bern, Switzerland. He came to the United States, traveled under the direction of the Archaeological Institute of America in New Slexico, Mexico, Arizona, and Central America, and went in 1892 to Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador, under commission of Henry Villard. For several years he continued researches in the last-named countries in behalf of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, whose im- portant collection of Bolivian and Peruvian an- tiquities he made. He has published several works, including The Art of B'nc and Mode of M'urfare (1877); Archwolor/ical Reconnaisance in Mexico (1881); Fiiml Report of Investiga- tions Among the Indians of the Houlhiccstern United States, ISSO-So (1890-92); The Gilded Man {El Dorado) and Other Pictures of the Spanish Occupancy of America (1893).

BANDELLO, ban-del'A, Matteo ( 1480-C.1562). Next to Boccaccio, the most widely known of all the Italian writers of novclli, or tales. He was born at Castelnuovo in Piedmont, educated at a convent in Milan, and in earl}' life became a Dominican monk, but for many 3'ears resided at Mantua as tutor of the celebrated Lucrezia Gon- zaga, in whose honor he composed a poem in eleven cantos. The decisive battle of Pavia, in 1525, which gave Lombardy into the hands of the Emperor, forced Bandello to escape to France: and here, in 1550, he was made Bishop of Agen by Henry II. He was still living in 1501. Bandello's principal work is his collection of 214 noveUi, 3 volumes of which appeared in 1554, and the fourth after his death, in 1573. These tales belong to the type made familiar by the still more famous collections of the De- cameron and the Heptameron, and, like the lat- ter, have their origin for the most part in the fabliaux of the French trouveurs. They have been justly praised as a true mirror of their age, reflecting contemporary social life with a fidelity for which we may look in vain in the serious historians. Settembrini, who is none too favor- able toward writers of this period, ranks Ban- dello next to Boccaccio, among Italian novelists, and praises him especially for his easy, con- versational style and freedom from rhetorical afl'ectation. He has been utilized successively as a source of inspiration by Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, Massinger, and Byron. The best edi- tion of his works is that of Poggiali ( 9 vols., London, 1791-93).

BANDE NOIRE, btiNd nwiir (Fr., black band). The name given in France after 1815 to those speculators who had bought up, at ridiculously low prices and in depreciated cur- rency, the lands and houses confiscated from the Church and the emigres during the Revolution. The opprobrious name was fixed on them on ac- count of their vandalism in the destruction of magnificent works of art, churches, convents, and chateaus for the sake of the building ma- terial. It has, however, been alleged, on the btlier hand, that these men did considerable ser- vice to the community in removing old and use- less edifices, and that their minute subdivisions, into lots, of the old territorial domains has favored agriculture and ameliorated the condi- tion of the people. Consult Lavergne, Economic ruralc dc la France (Paris, 1877).

BAN'DEROLE (Fr., It. bandcruola, a little banner, dimin. of bandicra, banner). A small streamer fixed immediately under the crook, on the top of the staff of a crozier, and folding over the staff. Also an architectural term for the flat inscribed band used in the Renaissance buildings, similar to those now used for mottoes on coats- of-arms.

BANDETTINI, ban'det-te'ne, (1763- 1837), called also Amarilli Etrusca. An Italian poet, bom at Lucca. She first became a danseuse, but afterwards won great celebrity as an improvisatrice. She also wrote poems and plays. Because of her virtue and amiability, as well as her accomplishments, she was much honored throughout Italy, and was crowned with laurel at Rome, in 1794. Monti and Alfier'