Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/480

BALDO. Cima tie Val Dritta (7275 feet) and the Monte Maggiore (7210 feet), on the southern side, and the Altissinio (G790 ifeet), on the north. It is composed of Jurassic strata, with basaltic intru- sions.

BALD'PATE', or Baldhead. (1) An Ameri- can white-lieaded duck. See Widgeon. (2) A kind of domestic pigeon. (3) In the West In- dies, a dove {Columba leucocephala) . (4) A fruit-crow (q.v. ).

BALDRIC, bal'drik, or Baudrick (Fr. bau- drier, from JIGH. balderich, girdle). A band or sash worn partly as a military and partly as a heraldic symbol. It passes round the waist as a girdle, or passes over the left shoulder, and is brought down obliquely under the right arm. or is suspended from the right shoulder in such a way as to sustain a sword, ilany of the eHigies of knights contain representations of the baldric, more frequently as a belt than a shoulder-sash. BALDUNG, biil'diing. Hans (Geijn) (c.1476- 1545). A (ierman painter and engraver, born at Gmiind, Swabia. He was a con temporary' of Albert Diirer, by whom he was greatly influenced, and to wliom, in expression, coloring, and finish, he was little inferior as a painter. He worked at Freiburg and in Switzerland, and in 1533 settled at Strassburg. His masterpiece, a great altar- piece in eleven panels (1511-16), descriptive of the life of Christ, is in the cathedral of Freiburg. His wood engravings are numerous.

BALD'WIN. A city in Douglas County, Kan., 16 miles south of Lawrence; on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad (Map: Kansas, G 3 ). It is the seat of Baker University (M. E.), founded 1858. Near the city is the battle-field of Black Jack, the scene of the first bloodshed in the slavery strife, preliminary to the Civil War. Baldwin was settled in 1853, and was incorporated about 1858. Its charter pro- vides for a mavor. elected annually, and a city council. Population, in 1890, 935; in 1900, 1017.

BALDWIN,, or. The name of several members of the House of Flanders, wlio reigned as Kings of Jerusalem during the period of the Crusades. Baldwin I. (1058-1118) was King of Jerusalem after 1100. He was the youngest brother of Godfrey de Bouillon (q.v.), Duke of Lower Lorraine, or Brabant. He took part in the first Crusade, quarreled with Tancred, retired to Edessa at the request of the Christian inhabitants of the place, and was soon after created Count of Kdessa. After the death of his brother Godfrey, in 1100, he became Pro- tector of the Holy Se]mlclire and Baron of Jeru- salem, and immediately assumed the regal title, which his brother had refused. He was defeated by an invading force from Egypt in ] 102. He made some conquests, including Coesarea, Acre, and Sidon. He died in Egypt. Unlike his brother Godfrey, Baldwin was worldly and am- bitious. — Baldwin II. (Baldwin dii Bourg), cousin of Baldwin I., succeeded the latter as Count of Edessa, and in 1118 as King of Jeru- salem, reigning until 1131. During his reign Tyre was taken, in 1124, with the assistance of a Venetian fleet, and the Order of the Teni])lars was instituted. He was held in captivity by the Turks for six months. He died August 21, 1131, leaving four daughters. Shortly before his death he resigned the crown in favor of his son- in-law, Fulk of Anjou, who reigned till 1142. — . Baldwin III. (1129-1162), the son and succes- sor of Fulk of Anjou, was King of Jerusalem after 1143. He ha,s come down to us in tradi- tion as a model of crusading chivalry. The Christians lost Edessa during his reign. He several times defeated Nureddin, Sultan of Aleppo. He endeavored to inijirove the external and internal defenses of his kingdom. Saracens are said to have served under him, so much was he respected. He married Theodora, the daugh- ter of the Greek Emperor Manuel, and died, it is believed, of poison, at Tripolis, in Syria, February 10, 1162. Ilis reign marked the height of power of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was succeeded in tlie (Jovernment by his brother Amalric, or Amaury, who died in 1173. — Baldwin IV., the son and successor of Amalric, surnamed the Leper, reigned till 1183. — B.^ldwin V., a child of • five, the son of Sibylla, sister of Baldwin IV., was then called to "the throne. He died in 1186, a year before .lerusalem was re- taken by Saladin. Consult: C4ibbon, Decline and Fall of the lioinan Empire; Cox, History of the Crusades (New York, 1889); also references under Crusades.

BALDWIN I. (1171-C.1206). The first Latin Emperor of Constantinople. He was born at Valenciennes, the son of Baldwin VIII., Count of Flanders and Hainault. In 1195 he succeeded his father as Count of Flanders. In 1200 he appointed his brother Philip to the regency of Hainault and Flanders, and joined the Fourth Crusade. Part of the Crusaders — Baldwin I. among others — were induced to assist the Venetians in reconquering Zara, in Dalmatia, from the King of Hungary. While at Zara the young Alexius, son of Isaac II., Emperor of Constanti- nople, asked the assistance of the Crusaders against his imcle, Alexius Angclus, who had de- posed and blinded Isaac II., and had usurped the throne. In return for their aid he promised to pay the Crusaders a liberal sum of monej-. to help them recover Palestine, and to efl"ect the union of the Greek Church with the Roman. The Crusaders agreed, defeated the usurper's forces, and restored the rightful emperor: but when Alexius experienced some dilficulty in car- rying out his promises they turned their arms against him. A revolution broke out in the city at the same time. Alexius the Younger was murdered, and his father died soon after. Alex- ius Dueas Murzuflos then usurped the throne, but was defeated by the Crusaders, and Constanti- nople was sacked, the Latins and the Venetians sharing the booty. Baldwin was chosen emperor, and crowned on Jlay 9, 1204; but he received oidy about a fourtlv part of the Empire — Con- stantinople and Thrace — the Venetians obtaining the greater share of the provinces. A part also fell to the French adventurers who accompanied (he expedition, and several provinces remained in Ihe hands of Greek princes. The capacities of Baldwin I. were not able to cope with the evils necessarily attending so anomalous a position. The Greeks were discontented, and, backed by Calo-.Tohn, King of Bulgaria, took advantage of the absence of Baldwin I.'s brother with the Hower of his troops in Asia, and rose and mas- sacred the Latins scattered throughout the towns of Thrace, and made themselves masters of Adrianople. Baldwin laid siege to the town with the forces he had at his disposal, but