Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/465

BAIT-FISHING. in angling for black bass the rod should be from 8 to 10 feet long, weigh not more than 8 ounces, and have a iirst-class multiplying reel attached. The minnow is hooked and reeled up to within a foot or two of the tip of the rod. Then, with the thumb pressing firmly on the spool of the reel, to prevent the rendering of the line, a steady sweeping motion is made, from below, upward, increasing in strength and swift- ness until the arm and rod are fully extended, .lust before the rod readies its greatest elevation the thumb is released from the spool of the reel, and a final imnulse given to the bait, which is ])nipelled toward the objective point at an angle varying from 20 to .50 degrees, according to the distance to be east. During the cast the thumb nmst keep a gentle but uniform pressure on the spool, to prevent back-lashing or over-running. When the bait reaches the aimed-at spot the reel is stopped by a stronger pressure of the thumb. See Angling; Fly-Casting; Trolling.

BAJA, bo'yo. A market-town of Hungary, in the county of Bflcs-Bodrog, near the Danube, about !10 miles south of Budapest (Map: Hun- gary, F 3). It has manufactures of alcohol and shoes, and carries on a large trade in grain, wine, and hogs. It is the chief river-port of the grain-producing district known as the Bficska. Population, ip 1800, 10. .500.

BAJADA DEL PARANA, ba-Hii'Da del pa'- ra-nli'. See P.rana.

BAJ'AZET'. One of Racine's tragedies, founded on the life of the brother of Amurath, Bajazet I., Sultan of the Turks, 1389-1402. The plot hinges on the hero's choice between the tlirone and his mistress. The play was per- formed at Paris, on January 4, 1072. The char- acter also occurs, with a change of episode, in Marlowe's Tamhurlaine (1587), and in Rowe's Tuinerlane, a tragedy performed in 1702.

BAJAZET, or BAYEZID I. (1347-1403). Sultan of the Turks from 1380 to 1402. He suc- ceeded his father, Amurath I., who was killed on the battlefield of Kosovo. Immediately on a.scending the throne he inaugurated his rule by strangling his younger brother, Yakub, lest he should dispute the succession. He conquered Bulgaria, and a part of Servia, Macedonia, and Thessaly, and subdued most of the Stiites of Asia Minor. From the rapiditj' with which these extraordinary conquests were effected, he received the name of Ilderim, 'the Lightning.' At Nic- opolis he gained a decisive victory over the allied Hungarians, Poles, and French, on Septem- ber 28. 13!)G. The greater part of the French, through whose impetuosity the battle was lost, were taken prisoners and slain. In 1402 Bajazet led his army against Timur (q.v. ), who had invaded Asia Jlinor, and was completely defeated by tlie Jlongol ruler near Angora. Bajazet himself fell into the hands of the conqueror, who treated him with great generosity. The story that he was carried about imprisoned in a cage is williout any historical foundation. Bajazet died in 1403. in the camp of Tamerlane. He was suc- ceeded in the government by his sons, Soliuan I., Alusa, and ilohammcd I., the last of whom he- eame sole ruler in 1413. Tlie reign of Bajazet was a period of great corruption, in which the people generally imitated the actions of the Sul- tan and his chief ministers. Consult <;ibbon. Decline and Full of the Roman Empire, Vol. VII. (London, 1000).

BAJAZET, or BAYEZID II. (1447-1513). Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. He was the son of the Sultan Mohammed II., the conqueror of Constantinople. He en- gaged in continual wars with Poland, Venice, Egypt, and Persia, and strengthened the Otto- man power in Europe, though not without meet- ing frequent checks and reverses. His later years were disturbed by disputes among his sons about the succession to the throne. He died near Adrianople in 1513, shortly after abdicating in favor of his son Selim. He was a lover of luxury and splendor, and built sev- eral magnificent mosques in Adrianople and Con- stantinople. See Ottoman Empire.

BAJAZET, Mosque of. One of the many beautiful mosques erected by Bajazet II. (q.v.). It was built in 1505, at Constantinople, and still stands. Its court is surrounded by marble arcades, the capitals of which are of jasper, and contains an octagonal fountain in the centre. Four Persian doorways lead into the richly carved and decorated interior.

BAJ'IMONT'S BOLL. See Baqimont'S Roll.

BAJOCCO, ba-yok'ko, or Baiocco, pi. Bajocciii (from baio, brown; so called from its brown-bay color). A copper coin in the Papal States, value nearly a half-penny. It was 1-100 of the seudo, which was equal to $1.00. In the Island of Sicily, the Neapolitan grano, the 1-100 part of the ducato (=$.83), was also called a bajocco.

BAJ'REE. See Guinea Corn.

BAJURA, ba-joU'ra. The name of the banner of Mohammed.

BA'JUS, —properly, (1513- 89). One of the most distinguished theologians of the Roman Catholic Church in the Sixteenth Century. He was born in 1513, at Melin, Hainaut. He studied at Louvain, and became doctor and professor of theology there in 1550. He was present at the Council of Trent in 15G3, and also in 1504. He was the founder of the system of theology based directly on the Bible and the writings of the Fathers and setting aside the scholastic method. He assumed to base his theory on the writings of Saint Augustine, whose doctrine of grace and free-will he sought to interpret into the entire inal)ility of the human will to do good, and into the absence of merit in all good works. His position was vigorously assailed by the Jesuits as unorthodox. The assertions that the human will, so long as it is left to its own freedom, can do nothing but sin, and that even the mother of our Lord was not free from original and actual sin, together with other such doctrines, drew on him the accusation of heresy. Seventy-nine of his propositions were condemned by Pope Pius V., in 1567, in the bull Ex Omnihiis Afflictionibus, but he was not named as the author of them. Bajus submitted in 1569, but nevertheless did not give up his doctrines. He retained his position, and was