Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/458

BAILIFF. baiUis were at one time commanders of the troops, administrators of the royal domains, and judges, each one in his district. Proprietors of estates also, possessing supreme jurisdiction, appointed iaiUis to superintend their courts of justice. As verv little knowledge was required for these situ- ations, and as they might be purchased, they were held in little estimation; and m later times, the buillis became standing characters on the statue, held up to ridicule on account of their ignorance and their absurd pretensions, as well at for cheating and injustice.

In the law, ihe term bailiff means: (a) a su- perior servant or agent, in which sense the term is svnonvmous with steicard or factor : and Jb) an officer of the court, a tipstaff, a sheriff s officer or deputy. Its first application is to a person employed in the administration and charge of lands croods, or chattels, to make the best benefit for the^owner. The bailiff is liable in an action of account for the profits which he has raised or made, or which he might, by proper industry and care, have raised or made. The term is not in general use in American law.

In the second sense in the English law, bailiffs mav be either officers appointed by the judges ot certain courts, or, in more modern times, officers appointed over their respective districts by the sheriff to perform certain duties, including the service of process of arrest, collection of fines, and summoning of juries. The sheriff being an- swerable for their misdemeanors, they are usu- allv bound in an obligation with sureties for the due execution of their office, and were called hoinid bailiffs. Special bailiffs are officers ap- pointed bv the sheriff on the application of a party in a civil suit for some particular purpose, and 'the sheriff is not held responsible for their acts in this regard. In the United States, the terra bailiff is seldom used, the corresponding officer being the deputy or undersheriff. Deputies are of two classes: (1) general deputies, or those who by virtue of their appointment have author- ity to execute all the ordinary duties pertaining to the sheriff's office: and (2) special deputies, or officers pro hac rice, to execute particular pro- cesses for a special purpose. The practices in the various States are similar in regard to these matters. See Sheriff.

BAILIFF'S DAUGH'TER OF ISLINGTON, iz'llng-ton. The. An old ballad in Bishop Percy's Reliques of Ancient Enylish Poetry. The heroine, after dismissing her lover, finds him seven years later, in London, and recalls him to a rccojlcction of her.

BAIL'IWICK (Bailiff, bailie + icick. AS. icic, village, from Lat. vicu.s, village). In law, that county or district within which a bailiff (q.v.) may exercise jurisdiction. In modern times bailiwick is generally synon nous with county, and as such includes the limits within which" a sheriff's deputies may execute process.

BAILLAIBGE, ba'yfirzli', Charles P. Flo- r'ent (1.S2T — ). A Canadian architect. He was born in Quebec, was educated at the Sem- inary there, and was for some time an cngi^ieer. He designed the "Monument des Braves de ITUO," in Quebec; was joint architect for the Parliament buildings at Ottawa ( 18G3-C.5), and in 18',)3 erect- ed the aqueduct over the Saint Charles Kiver. Many of the churches in Quebec are built from his "designs, as are also the Laval I'nivcrsity building and the JIusic Hall there. In 1874 he was made president of the Quebec Association of Architects. Among his publications are: A Treatise on Geometry and Trigonometry (Que bee, 1860) ; Xoiircau dictionnaire franeais (188S); and a Dictionary of English Rhymes and Si/iionyms (1800).

BAILLARGER, ba'yar'zha', Jules Gabriel François (1809-91). A French physician; born at Montbazon ( Indre-et-Loire). He devoted him- self principally to mental disorders, and in 1842 obtained a prize from the Academy of Medicine for his admirable essay entitled Des hallncna- fions, des canses ijui les prodiiificnt et des mala- dies fjn'ellcs caracterisent. published in Vol. XIII. of the Jlemoires of the society. In associa- tion with Longet and Cerise, he founded in 1843 a review especially devoted to the study of ner- vous affections and mental diseases, under the title Annales medico-psycholoyiques du systeme nerveiix. In recognition of his splendid services during the second outbreak of the cholera in 1S49, Baillarger was decorated with the medal of the Legion of Honor.

BAILLET, ba'ya', Adrien (1649-1706). A French scliolar and critic, born at Ncuville-au- Hez, Beauvois, and educated there. His princi- pal work is Jugements des savants stir les princi- paux ouvrages des auteurs (1685-86). He also wrote on historical subjects. In 1676 he was or- dained to the priesthood, and in 1680 he became librarian to the Advocate-General.

BAILLEUL, ba'yel'. The chief town of a canton, arrondissement of Hazebrouck, in the Department of Le Xord, France, 40% miles southeast of Calais by rail. It is picturesquely situated on rising ground north of the River Lys, near the Belgian frontier. It is a quaint town of Flemish origin; the- Church of Saint Vaast dates from the Fourteenth Century, and the hotel-de-ville from the Fifteenth; there is a museum of antiquities and paintings. Hand- made lace is the chief industry, but the town has also manufactures of woolens, leather, cheese, brandv. pottery, and soap. Population, in 1800, 13.450.

BAIL'LIE, Lady Grizel (1665-1746). A Scotch ijoet, bom in Berwickshire. She was the daughter of the Scottish patriot. Sir Patrick Hume, afterwards first Earl of Marchmont, and in 1684 supplied him with food during his con- cealment in the vault beneath Polwarth Church. She shared her father's exile in Utrecht (1686- 88). In 1092 she married the son of Robert Bail- lie, of .Terviswood. Some ballads written by her are preserved in Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Mi.s- cellann (1724-27). The best "known of them is "And Werena ily Heart Licht, I wad Dee."

BAILLIE, Harry. The shrewd proprietor of the Taliard Inn, in Chaucer's Canlcrbury Tales. It is in his hostelry that the pilgrims pass the first night of their 'journey; and in the morning he decides to continue on the road with them. He acts as the toastmaster of this literary feast, linking the different tales together by his little prefatcirv speeches.

BAILLIE, Joanna (1702-1851). A Scotch dramatist and poet. She was born September 11, 1762, at Eothwell, in Lanarkshire. In 1784 she went to reside in London, where her brother had settled as a phvsiciaii. Here and in Hampstead she remained till her death, February 23, 1851.