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AZARIAH. Judah (II. Chron. xxviii. 12). (7) Called also Abednego, one of the three men tlirown into the fiery furnace (Dan. i. 11).

AZAROLE, riz'iVrOl. See Cr.vt.egus.

AZAZEL, riz'a-zel'. A name occurring in con- nection with the services on the Day of Atone- ment (Lev. xvi. 8, 10, 26). Two goats were taken by the high-priest, one of which was slavightered. and the other, after the sins of all Israel had been confessed over its head, was led out l>y some one to the Wilderness and thrown over the rocks. The symbolism conveyed by the act is evident. All the sins of the people were handed over to Azazel. This name appears later in the Apoer-phal writings as the chief of the angels who married human beings and begat of them wicked men (Gen. vi.). Azazel was bound bv angels and laid in the Desert, at a place Du- dael. identilied by Schick with Bet-hudedun, a chalky cliff near .Jerusalem, to await liis ]nuiish- ment.' It ap])ears that the rite of Azazel is a remnant of an ancient demon-worship, which was changed and modified for the purposes of the Levitical writers.

AZEGLIO,' .-id-ziVIyS, JIassimo Tap.4.relli, Marchese d' (1798-1866). An Italian states- man, author, and artist, the descendant of an ancient and noble Piedmontese family. He was born at Turin, October 4, 1798. After a brief service in a Piedmontese cavalry regiment, which ill-health forced him to abandon. D'Azeglio went to Rome and devoted himself to art, winning an enviable reputation in landscape painting. After his father's death, in 18.30. he went to Milan, and there made the acquaintance of Manzoni, whose daughter he married. Through Manzoni he was introduced into the literary circle of the day, and soon afterwards made his debut in literature with the patriotic novel Ettore Fieremo.ira (1833), and Niccold dc' Lnpi (1841), which did much toward fanning the national spirit in Italy. The political ad'airs of Italy soon occupied him exclusiveh', and called forth his famous attack upon the Papal Government. DegJi ultin'i casi di Romagnn, in which he strenuously urged upon the Italian princes the necessity of a national policy. After the election of Pope Pius IX., D'Azeglio went to Home, and to him are to some extent ascribed the reforms with which Pius be- gan his government. He took part in the cam- paign of 184S against Austria, both in Londiardy and in Venetia. and was severely wounded at the battle of Vicenza. On the opening of the Sar- dinian Parliament he was chosen a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and. after the untortunate battle of Novara. March 23, 1849, was intrusted by Victor Emmanuel II. with the task of forming a ministry, and his careful and shrewd policy, especially toward France, won him at the time as many enemies as later it gained him admirers. He was succeeded, in 1852. by Cavour. .t the close of the war, in 18.59, D'Azeglio was a))point- ed yjro ^cm/^orc general and commissioner extraor- dinary (purely military) for the Roman States. He died January 15, 1866. Since his death, Jj'Italie dc ISJp' a 1S(>6 : corrcspondanre poli- lique de Massimo d'Azeglio (1866), and other writings from his pen, including an autobiograph- ical work, / miei ricordi. liave apiieared ( Flor- ence, 1873). There have been published numerous biographies of D'Azeglio. including those by Camerini (Turin. 1861); (iiuliani ( I'lorcnce, 1866); Massari (Turin. 1867): Morozzo (Flor- ence, 1884). Consult also Vismara, Bihliografiii di Miissjiiw d'AzcyUo (Milan. 18781.

AZERBAIJAN, a'zer-bt-jan' (anciently, .t/ro- pnlciir). (See Atropatexe. ) The rao.st north- erly ]irovince of Persia, bounded on the south by Persian Kurdistan and Irak, east by Ghilan and the Caspian Sea, north by Russian Armenia, and west by Turkish Armenia and Turkish Kurdistan. It has an area of about 40,000 square miles. The surface of Azerbaijan is very mountainous, many of the ranges rising from 7000 to 9000 feet in height. The peak of Savalan (an extinct volcano) reaches an elevation of 13.000 feet. Mount Ararat rises on the northwest border. The chief rivers of Azerbaijan are tlic Aras or Araxes, Kara-Su, and the Kizil-t'zen. The salt lake Vrumiah (q.v.), the largest in Persia, is situated in the western part of the province. The climate of Azerbaijan is not unhealthful, but is very unsteady. In the mountainous regions, the win- ters are very severe, and in the lowlands the sununers are "exceedingly hot. The principal prod- ucts of Azerbaijan are rice, barley, wheat, maize, .dax. hemp, cotton, tobacco, honey, and saffron. Cattle-raising is carried on extensively by the Kurds. The province is very rich in minerals, and especially in marbles. Silver, copper, iron, coal, and oil are also found. The population of the province is estimated at 1,000.000. The bulk of the natives are physically of the type of the Persians of the Teheran-Ispahan country, but speak a dialect of Turkish, offering a good field for the study of race language phenomena. Ripley (1899) considers the 'Azerbaidjan Tartars' to have been Iranized by contact with the dolicho- cephalic Aryans about them, while preserving their primitive speech. It is possible, however, that not a few Azerhaijanis are simply the de- scendants of Persians wlio have intermingled with the natives and adopted their language. The capital is Tabriz. See Caucasian : Tatar.s.

AZEVEDO, il'za-va'do, Manoel Antonio Alvare-s de (1831-.52). A Brazilian poet, born at Sao Paulo. He studied law at the university there, and afterwards published a volume of poems, entitled I^i/ra dos riiite annos (5th ed., 1884), which consists chiefly of elegies and dis- plays a high degree of talent. His Obras were first published in 1853; the Ohms completas ap- peared in 1862 (3 vols., with a bioCTaphical no- tice bv .1. Monteiro). Consult F. Wolf, Le Brc- sil Jit'li'tiiirr (Berlin. 1863).

AZEVEDO Y ZUNIGA, ii'tha-va'Do e thnn'- nye-ga, Gaspard de. Count of Monterey (1540- 1(306). Viceroy of Mexico and Peru (1595-1603). He sent out several expeditions in California and New Mexico for exploration and settlement. Monterey, founded in 1596, and the Bay of Monterey, were named in his honor.

AZ'IMUTH (Fr. raimut, from Ar. as-siimvt, a way or point in the horizon). In astronomy, the azimuth of a heavenly body is the angle measured along the horizon between the north or south point, and the point where a circle passing through the zenith and the body cuts the horizon. The word comes from the Arabic, and is said to be derived from a word signifying a quarter of the heavens. Astronomers usually measure astronomical azimuth westward from the beginning at 0°, and returning to it at 3(i0°. Thus, in northern latitudes, where the North