Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/293

AULD ROBIN GBAY. were haidly proper. .She chose, therefore, a lieroine of iiuuible life, suitiible to the phuntive air, and "oppressed her with many misfortunes." She afterwards wrote a sequel to the ballad, in which "Auld Robin" dies, Jamie returns from the sea, and the two lovers are happily united. The author's ori};iiial purpose in writing it is said to have been to raise money for an oUl nurse.

AULIC COUN'CIL (Lat. aiiUciis, Gk. aia(/c(5f, aiiULun. from (ik. av'A//, (nilO. hall court). One of the two hijjhest couVts of the Holy Roman Empire, coordinate with the Imperial Chamber. It was created in 1501 by Maximilian I., as a rival to the Imi>erial Chamber, which the Diet had forced upon him. It seems to have been at first emi)loyed principally in preparing business matters regarding the crown-lands and the Empire generally, in order to expedite the decisions of the Imperial Chamber. It soon, however, began to assume or acquire higher fiuic- tions. Later, the States submitted important grievances to its independent consideration ; but it did not receive a fixed constitution before 1559. At the Peace of Westphalia, 1048, its powers were greatly limited, but in 1654 it was formally recognized as the second of the two supreme courts, equal in dignitv to the Imperial Chamber, and the highest court of appeals in the Empire. It was composed of a president, a vice-president, a vice-chancellor, and eighteen councilors, who were all cliosen and paid by the Emperor, with the exception of the vice-chancellor, who was ap- pointed by the Elector of JIainz. Of the eighteen councilors, six were Protestants, whose votes, when they were unanimous, were an eflfective veto, so that a religious parity was to some ex- tent preserved. The councilors were divided into two classes, barons and counts, and Jurists. The seat of the Anlic Council was at the Imperial residence, that is, at Vienna. The Council held aloof from polities, but under its juris- diction were placed : ( 1 ) All matters con- cerning the reserved rights of the Emperor ; ( 2 ) all questions of appeal on the part of the States from decisions in favor of the Emperor in minor courts; (.3) whatever concerned the Imperial jurisdiction in Italy. On the death of the Emperor, the Council was dissolved, and had to be reconstructed by his successor. It ceased to exist on the extinction of the Holy Roman Empire in ISOfi. Consult Hersehenhahn. Cleschichte rjrs kainerlichoi Reichshofraths (Mannheim, 1791-93).

AULICH, ou'liK, EuDwiG (179.5-1849). A Hungarian general, born at Pressburg. Upon the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 he served as lieutenant-colonel in an Aus- trian infantry regiment, which afterwards swore allegiance to Hungary. As colonel of the regi- ment he fought against the Servians at Saint Tamfis, allied with the Austrian army under Schwarzenberg. As general of the Second Hun- garian Army Corps he contributed greatly to the victories achieved over Prince WindischgrHtz, and was received in Pest as the hero of the day. I-'pon the resignation of (^orgei he became min- ister of war, but was delivered over to Austria by the Russians iipon the conclusion of peace, anil was hanged Avith twelve other generals.

AULIS (Gk. Al'?.lr). Anciently, a small port in lioeotia, on the Euripus, famed for its temple of Artemis, but in itself a place of little impor- tance. It was the traditional gathering place of the Greek fleet before tlic Trojan War, and was the scene of the saeriliee of Iphigenia (q.v.).

AULNAY DE CHARNISE, ona' de shar'n("za'. See CiiARXi.sii.

AULNOY, or AUNOY, 6'nwa', Marie Catherine, Comtesse d' ( l(i.50-1705) . A French author, chiefly remembered for her Contes des fees, popular fairy-tales (lt)98), in successful imitation of Perrault (q.v.). Many of the stories have been translated into English. She wrote also 3Jcmoires de hi coiir d' Espuyne ( 1C90), and several novels, of which Histoiie d' Hippolyte. Comic de Douglas (1690) is tlie best.

AULON. The Greek name for Avlona (q.v.), a port of Turkey.

AULOS. A Cireek wind instrument similar to the clarinet and oboe (qq.v.).

AULYE-ATA, or AULIE-ATA, ou'lya a'ta. The chief town of a district, and fortress in the territory of Syr-Darya, Russian Turkestan. The town is picturesquely .situated in a hilly region, 5700 feet above the sea. on the way from Tashkent to Verniy. Fruit-raising is the chief industry. Population. 12,000, including a con- siderable number of Russians.

AUMALE, 6'mal' (through Auhinurle, aube- iiiiirle. Eng. Alhemarle, from Med. Lat. Alba- niarla, white marl, clay). A town in France. 40 miles northeast of Rouen. Here, in 1592, in a battle between the Spaniards and French, Henrj- of Navarre was wounded. Poinilation, in 1891, 2219. Consult Semichon, Hisloire de la villc d'Aum<ile (Paris, 1802). Aumale was the name of a county in the early part of the Sixteenth Century, belonging to Claude of Lorraine, son of Rene II. Claude was created Due de Guise, and liecame the head of that famous house.

AUMALE, Charles de Lorraine, Due d' (1556-1631). An ardent partisan of the League in the politico-religious wars which devastated France in the latter half of the Sixteenth Cen- tury. Closely allied to the Guises, he heartily supported them in their struggle, both against the Huguenots and the King. After the murder of the Due de Guise at Blois, in 1588, he di- vided v.ith the Due de Mayenne the leadership of the League. He was defeated at Senlis by the Due de Longueville, and shared in the dis- asters of Arques (1589) and Ivry (1590). He held out for the League in Amiens until the ])opulace expelled him ; when he suddenly allied himself with the Spaniards, who had invaded Picardy, refused the royal pardon, anil delivered over to the enemy several places in his posses- sion. For this he was impeached, condemned, and sentenced to be broken alive on the wheel (1595). His property was confiscated, but he himself escaped. He died in exile at Brussels.

AUMALE,, de Lorraine, Due d' (died 1.'>.S0|. The son of Rene II., Due de Lor- raine. For his bi'avery at the battle of Marigna- no, in 1515. and his loyalty after the disaster at Pavia. Francis I. made him Due de Guise.

AUMALE,, de Lorraine, Due d' (1525-73). A son of Claude I. He was a bitter enemy of the Huguenots, and of their leader, Coligny. He acted as governor of Burgundy; fcmght at Metz. in 15.52; was present with Guise at the taking of Calais, in 1558, and par-