Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 02.djvu/270

AUBURN. of Fort Wayne; on Cedar Creek, and on the Vandalia, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads (Map: Indiana, D 1). It carries on a trade in grain, live stock, hay, etc.; and manufactures furniture, carriages and wagons, hoops, staves, spokes, lumber, gas-engines, windmills, stoves, etc. The county buildings are the principal features of interest. There are municipal water-works and an electric-light plant. Population, in 1800, 2415; in 1900, 3396.

AUBURN. A city and the county-seat of Placer County, Cal., about 35 miles northeast of Sacramento, on the Southern Pacific Railroad (Map: California, C 2). It contains a library, and is the seat of the county high school. Gold and limestone are found in the adjacent region; mining, fruit-growing, and general agriculture are the leading industries. Auburn was first settled in 1848. Population, in 1890, 1595; in 1900, 2050.

AUBURN. A city, and the county-seat of Androscoggin County, Maine, 34 miles north of Portland, on the Maine Central and Grand Trunk railroads (Map: Maine, C 7). It has extensive manufactures of cotton goods and boots and shoes, abundant water-power being supplied by the Androscoggin and Little Androscoggin rivers. The city has a public library, and owns and operates its water-works. In the vicinity are many points of scenic interest, notably Lewiston Falls, Lake Auburn, and Poland Springs. Auburn was settled 1786, and first incorporated 1842. The charter, in operation since 1869, provides for a mayor, elected annually, and a bicameral city council, which controls all important appointive offices. Population, in 1890, 11,250; in 1900, 12,951.

AUBURN. A city, and the county-seat of Nemaha County, Neb., 65 miles south of Omaha, on the Little Nemaha River, and on the Missouri Pacific and the Burlington and Missouri River railroads (Map: Nebraska, J 3). Population, in 1890, 1537; in 1900, 2664.

AUBURN. A city, and the county-seat of Cayuga County, N. Y., 25 miles southwest of Syracuse, on the outlet of Owasco Lake, and on the New York Central and Lehigh Valley railroads (Map: New York, D 3). It has good water-power, and extensive manufactures of agricultural implements, cotton and woolen goods, carpets, iron, etc. The city has many fine public and private buildings, and a bronze statue of William H. Seward, whose home was here. It is also the seat of the Auburn Theological Seminary (Presbyterian) (q.v.), established in 1820; of a State insane asylum, and a State prison — a large stone structure which provides for 1200 convicts. Auburn is governed, under a charter of 1879, by a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council. The mayor has power of appointment of heads of important departments — street, charities, fire, police, and health; the council, elective power in minor offices. The annual expenditures of the city exceed $300,000, the main items being: $18,000 for the police department, $21,000 for the fire department, and $82,000 for schools. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Founded by Capt. John L. Hardenburgh in 1792, and called Hardenburgh's Corners until 1805, Auburn was made the county-seat, and received its present name (from the village in Goldsmith's poem) in that year, was incorporated as a village in 1815, and was chartered as a city in 1848. Population, in 1880, 25,858; in 1900. 30,345. Consult H. Hall, The History of Auburn (Auburn, 1869).

AUBURN. The name of the place celebrated in Goldsmith's Deserted Village, and commonly identified with Lissoy, County Westmeath, Ireland. Here the poet's father had a parish, and here the poet spent his boyhood.

AUBURN THEOLOG’ICAL SEM'INARY. An American Presbyterian seminary, situated at Auburn, N. Y. It was founded in 1819 and opened in 1821. In 1901 the endoment was $650,000, and an effort was being made to raise this amount to $1,000,000. The productive funds amounted to nearly $600,000, and the an- nual income to nearly $80,000. The library contains 27,140 volumes and 8200 pamphlets. The course is three years, and is designed primarily for college graduates. In 1901 the faculty numbered 10, and the students 72. President, Rev. George B. Stewart, D.D.

AUBUSSON, 6'bu'soN', (1423-1503). Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. He was born of a noble French family. At the age of twelve or thirteen he distinguished himself, under Albert, Duke of Austria, in fighting against the Turks in Hungary. In 1444 he took part in the campaign of the Armagnacs against the Swiss. Disgusted at the disgraceful failure of this expedition, due to the heroism of the Confederates at 'the German Thermopylæ,' he went to Rhodes and entered the Order of Saint John. He distinguished himself in fighting pirates and on diplomatic missions. In 1476 he was elected Grand Master. In 1480 he defended Rhodes successfully against Mohammed II. He was a very able diplomat, and enriched and strengthened his order. In 1488 he was made a cardinal. He has been called 'the shield of the Church,' because his great aim was to form a league of Christians against the infidels. In 1501 he seemed on the point of accomplishing his purpose, and was appointed commander-in-chief of the forces to be furnished by the Pope, the Emperor of Spain, and the kings of Castile, Portugal, Hungary, and France. But the alliance had no effect on account of the jealousies of the participants. Aubusson died in 1503. Consult Streck, Pierre d'Aubusson (Chemnitz, 1872).

AUCASSIN ET NICOLETTE, 6'ka'saN' a ne'ko'let'. A naïve romance in Old French, celebrating the love and adventures of the young couple whose names form the title. Even by the casual reader of the present day, the story will be found to possess a singular charm. The author never forgets that he has a tale to tell, and the human interest always predominates. For its time, the narrative is remarkably direct, and its artlessness has all the virtue of consummate art.

AUCH, osh. The capital of the Department of Gers, in the south of France, situated on a hill near the River Gers, 42 miles west of Toulouse (Map: France, G 8). Auch is the seat of an archbishop, and possesses a museum of natural science and a library. Its highest point is crowned by the cathedral structure, famous for its stained windows. It was begun by Charles VIII. and completed by Louis XIV. It has an