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ASSISTANCE. ASSIST'ANCE, Writ of. The process Issu- ing from a court of equity to a sheriff, marshal, or similar officer, for the enforcement of an order or decree for the possession of lands. In Eng- land this process is now styled a writ of posses- sion. Formerly, the latter term apjjcars to have been emilincd to process for the enforcement of a decree for the possession of a leasehold interest in land ; and in some of our States it is used to denote the process for enforcing a judgment in a eon>- mon-law action for the possession of lands, while like process from a court of equity is called a writ of assistance. During our Colonial period writs of assistance were issued by the courts to officers of the customs, authorizing them to take a constable or other public officer, and to enter any building and there to seize, and thence to bring, goods upon which customs duties had not been paid. For a learned discvission of these Avrits, consult Quincy, Reports, Superior Court of Jndicaiiire, Province of Masnachusetts Bay, 1761-72; With an Appendix Upon Writs of Assistance (Boston, 1865). See Otis, .James.

ASSIZE' (Lat. assidere, to sit by, from ad, to + seclcre, to sit). Originally, a jury sitting to- gether for the trial of a cause. Later, it eaiue to signify the court which summoned the jury by a. commission of assize. In the plural form it is the equivalent of circuits, and is applied not only to the judicial assemblies of the superior courts in the various counties, for the trial of civil and criminal cases, but also to the sittings of such courts. The term is used, too, as synony- mous with edict, or decree, or even with law. A iLVit of assize was an action to recover posses- sion of land, so named because it commanded the sheriff' to summon a jury, or assize. It was of great importance in the early history of the law of real property in England, but was superseded by the writ of ejectment and other simpler reme- dies. Rents of assize are the rents of freeholders or copyholders, which had been fixed or assized in amount by custom or otherwise, as distin- guished from arbitrary or various rents. Consult Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of Eng- land.

ASSIZE OF CLAR'ENDON. See Claren- don, Assize of.

ASSIZE OF JERU'SALEM. The name given to a body of laws in the Latin kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus, formerly supposed to have been compiled by Godfrey de Bouillon ( Gib- bon), but dating in reality from a later period. The assize consisted of two parts, the Assize of the High Court, and the Assize of the Court of Burgesses. In the "Key to the Assize," assize is defined as 'everything which one has seen in use and customary in the kingdoms of .Jerusalem and Cypress.' This aids in determining the much-debated question of its history. The Assize of the High Court was probably a body of customs, unwritten for the most part, until Jean d'lhelin, about 12.'55, attempted to frame (hem into a code. In order to give importance to his compilation, he inserted at the beginning a historical sketch, in which he states that the assize had been framed by Godfrey de Bouillon and deposited by him in the Church of the Holy .Sepulchre, and that this code had been lost when Saladin concpiered .Jeru- salem. This account is now recognized as fabu- lous. The hook of Ibelin was reworked twice, in 1308 and in 1531, and the present text is based upon the latter redaction. The Assize of the Court of Burgesses was probably framed in the second half of the Twelftli Century, but the date is a disputed point. The two codes, together with the comment.s of jurists of the Thirteenth Century and later, tlirow much light upon the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but the .4ssize of the High Court must be used with great caution, as it is a document of the Six- teenth Century, and as it has been revised twice to .suit the needs of principalities other than the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem; for the assize passed from .Jerusalem to Cyprus, and later to the Morea, and was adaptecl to meet the needs of the later kingdoms. The best edition is by Beugnot in the Rccueil des historiens des Croi- sades (1841-43), The Assizes of Antioch have been discovered, in an Armenian translation, and published, with a French version, at Venice, in 1876, See Dodu, Institutions monarchiqtie» rlans Ic roi/riiiijie hitin de Jerusalem (Paris, 1894).

ASSMANNSHAUSEN, as'monz-hou'zcn. k village in the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau, on the right bank of the Rhine, about three miles below Riidesheim (Map: Germany, B 3), It is celebrated for its red wine, made of a Burgundy grape and distinguished for its aromatic flavor, its uncommon strength and fire. There are also mineral sprincs, used bv rheumatics. Popula- tion, in 189.^, "linn: in 1900, 1000.

ASSO'CIATED PRESS, See Press Asso- ciation,

ASSOCIATE PRES'BYTERY, or The Secepers, See Presbyterianism,

ASSOCIATE SYNOD, sin'od. Associate PREsnvTERY, See Presbyterianism,

ASSO'CIATION. See Coopebation; Societies; Company, In psychology, see Association of Ideas.

ASSO'CIA'TIONISM. See Association op Ideas,

ASSOCIATION OF IDE'AS. The phrase 'association of ideas' seems to have been first used by the English philosopher, John Locke, although the facts to which it gives expression were often discussed long before Locke's time. Even as early as the time of Aristotle, we find four classes of association described; that is, four ways in which the mind passes from one | idea to another, These are association by simi- larity, by contiguity, by contrast, and by sue- j cession. It was not, however, till the time of' Hume that the principles of association became 'laws' which were intended to explain not only the way in whieh idea follows idea, but the means by which the mind builds up all it.s knowl- edge of the world. Hume conceived of association as a 'gcnth' force' arising in 'original cpialities of human nature,' and 'pointing out to every one those simple ideas, which are most proper to be united into a complex one,' Since the days of Hume, the principle of association has played a very large part in various systems of philosopliy, particularly among the writers of the empirical school of philosophy in England. It has been orkcd out most elaborately in the writings of James Mill, Alexander Bain, and Herbert Spencer, At times, the advocates of the doctrine have gone so far as to speak of association as a law as universal in the mental