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ARTILLERY CORPS. artillery to other artillery duties, as may be de- manded by the exigencies of service. All officers of artillery are placed on one list, arranged with regard to seniority in the several grades, and are assigned to Coast or Field Artillery, accord- ing to the demands of the service. Tlie Artillery Corps consisted, in 1001, of a chief of artillery, 14 colonels, 13 lieutenant-colonels, 39 majors, 195 officers in each of the grades of captain, first lieutenant, and second lieutenant; 21 sergeants- major of the first class, and 27 of the second class; 1 electrician sergeant to each coast ar- tillery post; 30 batteries of field-artillery; 126 batteries of coast-artillery, and 10 bands; a total of 051 officers, and 18,920 men, not including elec- trician sergeants. See Artillery, Army Organization.

ARTILLERY DIS'TRICT. United States. In the reorganization of the artillery' arm of the United States Army, efTeeted in 1901, the regi- mental organization -was abandoned, and the entire scacoast, inchiding Hawaii and Porto Rico, divided into artilleiy districts, each in charge, usually, of a colonel or lieutenant-colonel of artillery, who is responsible for the fire- control and artillery efficiency of his command. The districts are merely tactical units and do not interfere in any way with the administration of the corps. There were in 1902 twenty-one such artillery districts, each embracing from two to seven forts, with a total of sixty-eight forts or stations altogether. Two of the most important districts are those of Eastern and Southern New York — Forts Schuyler, Sloeum, and Totten belonging to the former: and Forts Wadsworth, Newton, Hamilton, and Hancock (N. J.) to the latter. A similar organization exists in England, with the added feature, how- ever, that the district organization is nuide use of for purposes of recruiting. See Army Or- ganization; Artillery' Corps; Coast Artil- lery ; and Coast Defen.se.

ARTILLERY SCHOOLS. The United States artillery school, established at Fort Monroe, Va., constitutes an independent command, from which all reports and returns are made to the head- quarters of the army. It is governed by spe- cial regulations, modified from time to time, as may be necessary. The school consists of a com- mandant, adjutant, officers detailed as instruct- ors, and of the troops and enlisted men assigned for duty or instruction. The commandant and the heads of the departments, in addition to forming the faculty, constitute a board of artil- lery for the general service, to which questions of professional interest can be submitted. Be- sides the instructors, the student-officers are usually attached to the batteries serving at the post. Details for instruction are made first from non-graduates of the Military Academy, who have not already served at the school, and then from graduates of the Militai-y Academy who have not served at the school. The first artillery school for practice was established at Fort ]Ion- roe in 1S24, but was discontinued six years later. A second attempt was made in 1S5S. but was stopped by the Civil War. The school was again started in ISO", but it was temporarily dis- continued in 1S98, owing to the officers lieing needed in .the field, etc., during the Spanish- American War. It was reestablished in 1900, the course being for one year, commencing September 1, and under the plan then adopted was intended chieily for the recently appointed lieutenants of artillery not graduates of the -Military Academy, a considerable number of whom were admitted to the army during and after the Spanish-American War. Instruction is both theoretical and practi- cal, and the course is closed by an examination before a board of officers especially appointed for the purpo.se. The curriculum includes the sub- jects of ballistics and sea-coast engineering, elec- tricity, mines and mechanisms, artillery, coast- defense, chemistry, and explosives, special courses including customs and usages of service, property returns, correspondence, regulations, etc. A branch of this same institution is the school for electrician-sergeants, under the man- agement of the oflicer in charge of the artillery school.

Foreign Artillery Schools. France. Ger- many, England, and Italy have artillery schools, some of which have been established for over 200 .years. An artillery school was established in Venice as early as 1515. Louis XIV. established a school of application for the artillery at Douai in 1079. This was in 1802 transferred to Metz, where it remaiucd till the war of 1870. It is now at Fontainebleau. The artillery and en- gineering school of Prussia is at Berlin. The artillery and engineering school of England is at Woolwich. In some of the countries the artiller_y and engineers' schools are combined, but in most of the Kuro]iean States a separation of the two arms is made.

ARTILLERY TRAIN, A certain number of cannon mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, fit for marching. See Field Artil- lery'; Army Organization; Artillery; Siege Guns ; and Tactics, Military.

AR'TOCAR'PUS. See Bread-Fruit Tree.

ARTOIS, iir'twii' (from Afrehates, Lat. name of a Gallic tribe). A former province of France, bounded by Flanders and Picardy, almost corre- sponding to the modern Department of Pas-de- Calais. The capital of Artois was Arras. Louis IX., in 1237, made Artois a county, and gave it to his brother Robert, who was succeeded by his son, Robert 11., who died in 1302. Afterwards it passed into the control of Flanders and Bur- gimdy, but was ceded to France by treaties in 1659 and 1078. It is a fertile district, yielding grain and hops, and vegetables, with abundant pasturage.

ARTOIS,. The title borne by Charles X. (q.v. ) before his accession to the throne of France, and resumed by him after his abdication.

ARTOIS, Jacques. See Arthois, Jacques.

ARTOT, iir'tu', Marguerite-.Jos£piiine-DesiREE Montagney' (183.5 — ). A Belgian mezzo-soprano. She was born at Paris, July 21, 1835, studied under Pauline Viardot-Garcia, and made her debut at Brussels in 1857. The next year she appeared at the Opera House in Paris, but left there to make a tour of France, Belgium, and Holland. Her success was inunediate. and after 1800 she appeared in opera in London, Saint Petersburg, and the capitals of the Continent, her repertory including parts in operas by Mozart, Rossini, Verdi, Gounod, etc. In 1869 siie was married to the Spanish barvtone, Padilla.