Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/85

ABUL SU'UD. and by voluptuous mystical tendencies. The accession of Said Pasha inspired Abul Su'ud to a splendid kacida (ode), and the fall of Sebastopol was celebrated by him in a dithyramb which voiced an appeal for universal brotherhood, an idea till then little known in the Orient.

ABUL WEFA, iil.ool wa'fA. See Moham- med ben Mohammed ben Yahaya.

ABUMESACKA, abr;n'nift-sii'ka (native name). A large catfish of the Nile (Charotes laticeps).

ABUNDA, abnrrn'da. A Bantu people of An- gola, living partly on the low-lying coastlands and partly on the terraced escarpments, and hence di- vided into "highlanders" and "lowlanders." They have long been in contact with Europeans, and there is a considerable admixture of white blood, largely accounting for their enterprise, which travelers praise highly. Most of them speak both Portuguese and Umbunda, a trade language which is current over vast areas. It is said that, with a knowledge of Umbunda and Ki-Swahili. also a Bantu dialect, a traveler can make his way across the continent from Henguela to Zanzibar.

ABU NUWAS, a1)iTn nnfi'was, al-Hasan ibn Hani al-Hakami (762?-810?). One of the most celebrated Arabic lyric poets; born in al- Ahwaz; lived a riotous life in Basra, Kufah, and Bagdad, though under the special favor of al- Harun and al-Amin. His collected poems contain 4900 verses. Those which celebrate wine are best known; but he also wrote love poems, satires (one of which was the cause of his death), poems on the chase and on asceticism. He has been called the Heine of Arabic literature. His Diwan has been edited and partly translated by von Kremer (Vienna, 1855) and Ahlwardt (Greifswald, 1861). Compare Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (1898), i. p. 75.

ABU SAID KHAN, ii'boo sa-M' KSn. See.

ABUSE' OF PROCESS. The wrongful employment of a regular judicial proceeding. Courts of justice, quite as much for their own protection as for that of the party injured thereby, refuse to lend themselves to the abuse of their procedure, and may, accordingly, stay or dismiss actions and strike out defenses which are manifestly frivolous or vexatious. The question whether an allegation or a denial comes under this description is addressed to the discretion of the court. The jurisdiction to prevent or redress such abuse may be exercised on the motion of the party aggrieved or at the instance of the court itself. In order to sustain an action for malicious abuse of civil process. it is necessary to allege and prove both a want of probable cause and the existence of a malicious motive. Consult: Newell, Law of Malicious Prosecution, False Imprisonment, and Abuse of Legal Process (Chicago. 1892). See.

ABUSHEHB, rboo-shPr', or BUSHIBE, booshcr' ( Pers. Rcndershchr). Persian sca- jiort town on the cast coast of the Persian (iulf, about 130 miles southwest of Shiraz, with which it is connected by a caravan route. It is situ- ated at the extremity of a peninsula and has an extremely hot climate. Owing to its advan- tageous position as a terminal of one of the most important caravan routes of Persia, .bushehr has a very considerable trade, in spite of the fact that its harbor is neither safe nor deep enough for heavy vessels, which are compelled to anchor outside. The trade (over $7,000,000 annually) is chiefly with Great Britain and her colonies. The cx])orts consist of opium, raw cotton and silk, mollier of pearl, carpets, tobacco, and hides, while the imports are made up chietly of cotton goods, tea, metals, and sugar. Abushehr is the seat of several Kurojiean consuls, as well as of a Persian governor. The population is about l.'>,000.

ABU-SIMBEL, Ul)oo-sim'M (InsAMiUL or IpsAMiui. ). . place on the left bank of the Nile in Nubia, lat. 22° 22' N„ the site of two very remarkable rock-cut temples. Both were constructed by Ramescs II.. who de<licated the larger to the gods Annnon of Thebes, Harmaehis of Heliopolis, and Ptah of Memphis: the smaller to the goddess flathor. The larger temple has a faqade 110 feet broad and more than 100 feet higli. adorned with four sitting colossi, each more than tio feet in height, representing the King. Upon these are carved inscriptions commemorating the visit of Phoenician and Greek mercenaries in the service of King Psammetichus II. (504-589 B. c. ) . The interior of this

temple, which is 180 feet in depth, contains two large halls and twelve smaller chambers and corridors, all decorated with sculptures and paintings. The great outer hall. 58 by 54 feet, is supported by two rows of square jiillars. four in each row, 30 feet high ; and to each of these pillars is attached a standing figure of the King, reaching to the roof. The walls of this hall are decovated with representations, in color, of vic- tories over the llittites and other enemies of Egypt. In front of the smaller temple are si.x statues, each 33 feet high, representing King Rame.ses and his Queen. These temples were discovered by Burckhardt. In 1802, Captain Johnston, K.IC, repaired the front of the larger temple, ami built two walls to protect the en- trance agiiinst the drifting sand.

ABU TEMMAM, •i'boo tfm-mam'. Habib (807 ?-84(>?) . Aiiibic poet, the exact dates of whose birth and death are uncertain. He was born in Syria, and his father is said by some vithorities to have Ijcen a Christian. But few facts of his life are known. At an early age he came to Egypt, where he first became known as a poet. He led the life of a wanderer, and passed from Damascus to JIo.sul, thence to Bagdad, and finally settled for some time in Hamadan, where a large library was placed at his dis-