Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/745

APALACHICOLA. proportion of wliieli Avas in the export trade, the Tirincipal commodities being lumber and naval stores. Pop. 1890, 2727; 1900,3077. APALACHICOLA. A river formed by the junction of the Chattahoochee with the Flint, at the southwestern corner of the State of Georgia. Thence llowing southward through Florida, it empties into Apalachicola Bay, an arm of the Gulf of Me.xico. It is navigable for steamboats through its entire cour.se of 90 miles. APALIT, il'pa-let'. A town of Luzon, Phil- ippines, in the province of Pampanga (Map: Luziin. E 7). It is situated about eleven miles sonlheast of Bacolor, and has a population of ll,7."iO. AP'ANAGE or AP'PANAGE (Fr., pro- vision for maintenance, from Latin ad panem, for lircad). The name applied in feudal law to contributions from the exchequer granted for the maintenance of princes of the royal house, or to lands and the revenues of lands set apart for the same purpose. Territorial apanages were bestowed either for life or upon a man and his direct heirs forever. Apanages were customary all over medi.T?val Europe, and especially in France, until the gi'adual development of the centralized monarchies, to the aggrandizement of which they were at all times a powerful liindrance. Louis XL, the real creator of the French monarchy, reunited the great ajjanages of the realm to the crown, but in a modified form. The institution continued until 1790, when it was abolished by the Constituent As- seml)ly. In England the Ducliy of Cornwall is in form an apanage of the Prince of Wales ; but other membei-s of the royal family in Great Britain, as well as in the continental monarchies, are now provided for by annual grants from the Civil List. APAR, ii'par. See Arii.dillo. APAREJO, il'pa-ra'HO (Sp., pack saddle). A leather bag about two feet wide, nearly encircling the mule or horse on whicii it is placed. The aparejo is used in the United States Army as a substitute for the pack saddle (q.v. ). Two round hand holes are placed in the middle of each side, the sides of the bag being distended by small ash or other elastic wooden sticks. The advantages claimed are that it places the load to greater advantage than any other system of pack- transport, and secures better results from the animal. APARRI, a-par're. A town of Luzon, Philip- jiines, in the province of Cagayan. It is situated near the northeastern coast, at the estuary of the river Cagavan. and has a telegraph station. Pop., 11,200. APARTMENT HOUSE. A building arranged in three or more suites of connecting rooms, each suite designed for independent house-keeping, but with certain mechanical conveniences, as heat, light, or elevator-service, furnished in connnon to all the families occupying the building. Legally, there is no distinction, in the United States, between an apartment house and any other tenement. Popularl}', the apart- ment differs from the tenement in the greater elegance of architectural finish, in the larger iiuinber of conveniences, and in the greater com- jdexity of mechanical service furnished to all tenants from a central plant. Jlidway, in pojju- lar usage, between the tenement house on the one hand, which is the home of the poor, and the apartment house on the other, w'hose annual rentals place it beyond the means of those with moderate incomes, stands the flat, which, like the cottage of the suburb, is designed for people of moderate means. The distinction, however, be- tween a flat and an apartment, is not well defined, and the term apartment is often applied to any well-appointed tlat. In the article on "Apartments" in the Dictionary of Architecture and liuildinp (Xew York, 1902), the term is limited to those suites of rooms for independent housekeeping which rent for more than $300 per annum.

The typical flat or less expensive apartment, in Xew York City consists of a parlor, two or more bedrooms, besides the servant's bedroom, a dining-room, bathroom, and kitchen. These rooms either open directly into each other or are connected by a private hall. Ordinarily, they are arranged one behind the other, according to the rectangular shape of the ordinary city lot, and are reached by a common stairway, and often by an elevator. The provisions are brought up by a dumb-waiter or freight elevator. Light and air for the interior rooms are obtained by means of interior courts or air shafts. Of course, this general plan is subject to many modifica- tions, depending on the size and shape of the h.onse and the number of flats on a floor. Flats are usually heated by steam or hot air and lighted by gas or electricity. Hot water is fre- quently supplied. In apartments the rooms are susceptible of much greater ilexibility in ar- rangement than in flats, as such buildings are usually built over several lots, and frequently cover an entire block. The numljcr of services furnished by a central plant to all the tenants is also greatly increased. An apartment hotel .lilTers from an apartment house in that only living rooms are provided for the different fam- ilies, who eat in a common dining-room, as do the guests of an ordinary hotel. In some of the newer and more elaborate a])artment houses of Xew Y'ork there is a restaurant in the building, wdiere families may eat meals or not, as they choose, there being a separate dining-room and kitchen in each apartment as well.

Historical Development. Apartment houses have been in vogue in the large cities of Continental Europe for some centuries, and, in Paris particularly, they have been developed to a high degree of elegance and luxury. In Great Britain, apartment houses have never become popular. In the United States, their development began with the rush to the cities which followed the Civil War. The chief causes which have led to their rapidly increasing popularity are: (1) The great congestion of population within a limited area in our large cities, which makes separate houses more and more impracticable; (2) the advantage of enjoying such common services as elevator, heat, artificial light, and hot water independent of the kitchen range, which can be furnished a group of families in a single building at much less cost than if those families were separated in isolated homes; (3) the migratory tendency among city dwellers which makes them prefer the easily vacated apartment to the more permanent house; and (4) the smaller amount of domestic service required in an apartment, which, in these days of high-priced and unsatisfactorj- servants, is' perhaps the most important consideration of all.