Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/734

ANTOFAGASTA. its poor harbor, owing to the saltpetre deposits in the neighborhood and to the rich silver mines of Caracoles, with which it is connected by rail- way. Pop.. K«85, 7000; 1000, 19,482. ANTOFAGASTA. A northern province of Chile, bounded on the north by the province of TarapacS, on the east by the republic of Argen- tina, on the south by the province of Atacaina, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. It has an area of over 47,032 square miles. Taking in a large part of the Atacama Desert, the surface is mostly mountainous and barren, and interspersed with salt lagoons and marshes. It contains a number of volcanoes, and has large deposits of silver, borax, guano, and saltpetre. Notwith- standing the phenomenal increase in the popula- tion of the province between 1885 and 189.5 (from 21,213 to 44,085), on account of new mineral discoveries, Antofagasta is still the most sparsely populated province of Chile, its density being less than one to the square mile. This territory was ceded to Chile by Bolivia as a result of the war ending in 1882. The capital and chief sea- port is Antofagasta (q.v. ). ANTOINE, aN'twiin', Jules Dominique (1845 — ). Chief representative of the party of the opposition in Lorraine. He was born at Metz, and served in tlie Franco-German War as officer of the Garde Mobile. After the war he became prominent in his native town as an ex- ponent of the Anti-Crerman sentiment in the Mu- nicipal Council and the local diet. In 1882 he Avas elected representative to the Reichstag, but after a fruitless attempt to deliver an address in French before that body, abstained almost alto- gether from attending the sessions. He was re- elected by his constituents in 1884, and again in 1887. In consequence of his incessant agitation he was tried for treason and sentenced to perma- nent exile (1889). He then became a natural- ized citizen of France, and in 1893 was appointed paymaster general. ANTOINE DE BOUR'BON, aN'twan'de boor' Iion' ( 1518-62), King of Navarre. He was born in Picardy, the son of Charles of Bourbon. In 1548, Antoine, then Duke of Vendome, mar- ried Jeanne dAlbret, the heiress of Navarre, and through her became King of Navarre and Lord of Beam (1555). He was feeble and irresolute, and fluctuated between the two religious parties in France. At the beginning, he sided with his brother Louis, Prince of Conde, .and was involved in the conspiracy of Amboise, but, in 1501, he was made Lieutenant-General of France, and, embracing Catholicism, soon formed a coalition with the Duke of Guise, and the Constable of Montmorency. He received command of the royal army besieging Rouen, and there met his death in an assault on the city (November 17, 1502). Antoine de Bourbon is best known as the father of Henry of Navarre, who became Henry IV. of France. See BouKBON, HofSE OF. ANTOKOLSKI, an'to-k.'.l'ske, Mark Mat- VEyEViTCH (1842-1902). A Russian sculptor. He was born at Vilna of poor Jewish parents, and at the age of twenty-two attracted the attention of Professor Pimenoff, who admitted him as a "free listener" (special student) to the Academy of Fine Arts at St. Petersburg. At the aca- demic exhibition of 1804 he received the second silver medal for the wood-carving entitled "The Jewish Tailor." In the following year his pro- duction, "The Miser" (executed in ivory), secured for him the large silver medal of the Academy and a stipend from the Emperor. These creations were followed by "The Judas Kiss" and a group modeled in clay, "The Descent of the Inquisition upon a Jewish Family at the Feast of Passover." In 1871 he completed his famous statue, "Ivan the Terrible,'' for which he was appointed an academician by the Emperor Alexander II., who bought the statue and ordered a bronze casting of it for the Hermitage at St Petersburg. Among the other great sculptures of the artist may be mentioned: "Peter the Great" (1872, a colossal figure) : "Christ Bound Before the Peo- ple" (1874), "The Death of Socrates" (1876), "The Last Sigh" (1878), "Mephistopheles" (1881), "Spinoza" (1882), "Yermak" (the Cos- sack conqueror of Siberia), "The Sleeping Beau- ty" (1900). At the Paris International Exposi- tion of 1878 Antokolski was awarded the first prize for sculpture, and two years afterward he settled permanently in Paris. He was a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. ANTOMMARCHI, an'tom-mllr'ke, Frances- co (1780-1838). The physician of Napoleon at St. Helena. He was born in Corsica, studied medicine at Pisa, and afterw-ard practiced in the Santa Maria Hospital at Florence, At the re- quest of Napoleon's mother, he was induced by Cardinal Fesch to succeed Dr. O'Meara as the attendant physician of the Emperor at St Helena. At first there was little cordiality between the two : but subsequently Napoleon conceived a high regard for his countryman and at his death left him 100,000 francs. He aftei'ward declared that the death of Napoleon had not been caused by cancer of the stomach, biit by a malignant fe- ver peculiar to the island, and he refused to sign the /)os*-mo/-/c»» certificate. In 1830 Antommarchi displayed what he represented to be a death mask of Napoleon. The likeness was considered ac- curate by many, but the phrenologists found fault with the contour of tlie cranium, and doubt was cast upon the genuineness of the mask. Nev- ertheless, it forms the model from which many busts of Napoleon have been made. At the out- break of the Polish revolution, in 1830, Antom- marchi went to Warsaw, and soon afterward re- turned to France, whence, in 1836, he proceeded to America. He died at San Antonio, Cuba. He published Lcs dcrniers moments de Napoleon (Paris, 1823). ANTONELLI, jin'tu-nel'le, GlACOMO (1808-76). An Italian cardinal and statesman, horn at Sonnino. At the Seminary in Rome he became conspicuous for intellectual capacity, and Pope Gregory, recognizing his ability, attached him to his suite. He became under-secretary in the Ministry of Interior in 1841, and in 1845, Minister of Finance. At the accession of Pius IX. he joined the Pope's reformatory schemes and gained great influence, becoming cardinal in 1847 and a member of the Ministerial Council through which Pius undertook to establish his reforms. In 1848, when the ministry of priests and laymen was established. Antonelli became prime ninister. After the Pope's pronouncement against the war with Austria (1848). Antonelli resigned, but afterward, when he had jierceived the Pope's motive, he abandoned his national policy and associated himself entirely with the conservative element. Ujion the rei'stablisliment of the Papal power through the intervention of France. Antonelli returned to Rome with the Pope (1S50>