Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/726

ANTIOCHUS OF ASKALON. tenets of which he believed to have originated in the Old Academy of Plato.

ANTIOPE, an-ti'6-pe. See.

ANTIOQUIA, an'te-o'ke-a. A department of Colombia, South America, bounded by the department of Bolivar on the north, Santander on the east, Tolima on the south, and Cauca on the west. Its area is 22,316 square miles. Situated in the region of the Cordilleras, Antioquia has a very mountainous surface. The mineral wealth of the department is considerable, and the chief occupation is mining. The population is about 500,000. Capital, Medellin.

AN'TIPÆDOBAPTISTS. Those who oppose infant baptism. See.

AN'TIPAR'ALLELS (anti + parallel). If a pencil of two lines, O — XY, is cut by two parallel lines, AB, MN, and if MN revolves through a straight angle about the bisector of

Fig. 1. < XOY as an axis falling in the po- sition A₁B₁, then AB and A₁B₁ are said to be anti parallel to each other. OA and OA₁ are called corresponding segments of the pencil, as are also OB and OB₁. A and A₁ are called corresponding points, as are also B and B₁. The concept of antiparallels ma- terially simplifies the treatment of a number of propositions of elementary geometry; e.g., in the above figure it is easily seen that OA:OM = OB⋅ON, whence OA⋅OB₁ = OB⋅OA₁. In the fol- lowing figures, since AB and A₁B₁ are antiparal-

Fig. 2. lels, we have at once the proof of the important proposition that wherever the point be taken OA⋅OB = OB⋅OA₁.

ANTIP'AROS (Gk. Αντίπαρος, opposite Paros). Anciently called Olearos or Oliaros. One of the Cyclades Islands, celebrated for a stalactitic cave. It is separated from Paros by a narrow strait. It contains about 800 inhabitants, and forms a part of the eparchy of Naxos. Antiparos is seven miles long by about three wide: it is scantily supplied with water, but the flats in the north and west are tolerably fertile. Corn and wine are cultivated, and there is pasturage for large flocks of goats. The principal occupation of the inhabitants is fishing. From Kastron, the only village on the island, the distance to the grotto is about an hour and a half's ride. This wonderful cave is not mentioned by any Greek or Roman writer whose works are extant, but must have been visited by the curiosity-hunters of antiquity, for the names of ancient tourists are inscribed about the entrance. It may well have been a place of worship. The entrance is near the top of a mountain on the southern coast. From a small chamber a long and somewhat dangerous descent leads to the great cavern, 80 feet high, more than 300 feet long, and 100 feet broad, which contains remarkable specimens of stalactitic formation. The cave was first made known to the modern world by M. de Nointel, French ambassador to the Porte, who, in 1673, spent three days in it and caused the Christmas mass to be celebrated on a natural altar. Views of the entrance and exterior are published in the Bulletin de géographie historique et descriptive (Paris, 1887-97). Excavations by Messrs. Bent and Tsountas have brought to light a number of graves belonging to an early period in the "Island" civilization. Since 1872, profitable lead mines have been worked on the island. Consult Bent, The Cyclades (London, 1885).

AN'TIPAS. See.

ANTIP'ATER (Gk. Ἀντίπατρος, Antipatros). (c. 400-319 B.C.). (1) The son of Iollas, and one of the most distinguished generals of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great. It was especially through the loyal services of Antipater and Parmenion that Alexander was enabled to establish his kingdom on a firm basis. When Alexander led his troops into Asia, he left Antipater in sole charge of affairs in Macedonia. The latter discharged the duties of his office with great ability, suppressing insurrections in Thrace and Sparta and supporting Alexander with fresh troops from home. But he was on the point of being superseded by Craterus, through the influence of Olympias, the mother of Alexander, when Alexander died. The government of Macedonia was assigned to Antipater anew, and he was soon after called upon to defend himself against an alliance of the Grecian States. He at first met with reverses, but with the assistance of Craterus, who was also his son-in-law, and Leonnatus, he finally brought the allies into subjection in 322 B.C. This war is usually called the Lamian War, from Lamia, where Antipater was besieged in 323 B.C. Everywhere oligarchies were established, and Athens was obliged to deliver up Demosthenes and Hyperides and receive a garrison in Munychia. This war was followed by another with Perdiceas, Antipater's son-in-law, and Antipater was again successful. After the murder of Perdiceas, in 321 B.C., Antipater was appointed to the supreme regency of Macedonia and the guardianship of Alexander's children. He made a new division of the kingdom, but died shortly after, in 318 B.C., leaving the regency to Polysperchon and a subordinate position only to his own son, Cassander.

(2) Son of Cassander and King of Macedonia. His reign followed that of his brother Philip, who had followed Cassander in 297 B.C. He was killed, 287 B.C, by order of Demetrius Poliorcetes. (3) Father of Herod the Great. His first appearance is in the reign of Aristobulus II. (69-63 B.C.), as a man of great wealth and important connections. He supported Hyreanus II. against the power of Aristobulus, and after Hyreanus, in 63 B.C., opened the gates of Jerusalem to Pompey, the influence of Antipater grew apace. In 47 B.C. he was appointed procurator of Judæa. In the struggle between Pompey and Cæesar he supported the former; but after the defeat of Pompey, made his peace with Cæsar, and continued thereafter his firm adherent. Cæsar showed him many marks of favor. Antipater