Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/718

ANTIGUA. sugar and pineapples. The capital. St. John, with a population of 10.000 and a spacious harbor, is the seat of the Governor-General of the Leeward group. The best port is English Harbor, on the southern coast. The island of Antigua, together with its two dependencies, Barbuda and Redonda, forms one of the five presidencies of the Leeward Islands, and elects four members of the Federal Legislative Council. The commerce of the island is on the decline, owing to the competition of countries paving a bountv on sugar. The value of imports in"lS98 was f 10.9.103 : in 1899, fll.'">,90S; 1900, £12.5.304. Exports 1898. £79,- 178: 1899. £128,09.5; 1900, £111.849. The island suffered severely from the hiu-ricane of August, 1899. Antigiui was discovered by Columbus in 1493 and settled by the British in' 1032. Slavery Avas abolished on the island in 1834. Consult V. L. Oliver, History of Antiyua (London, 1894- 99).

AN'TI-JAC'OBIN, or WEEK'LY EXAM'INER, The. An English paper published from Xoveinber 20, 1797, to .July 9, 1798. It was founded by George Canning and his friends to express their opposition to the principles of the French Revolution. Its editor was William Gif- ford, who had already made a reputation as a political satirist, among its contributors, besides Canning, being .John Hookham, Frere, and George Ellis. ANTI-JACOBIN REVIEW, The. An English periodical founded by John Gifford in 1798 after the discontinuance of the foregoing, i.e. Anti-Jacohin, or Weekly Examiner, with which, however, it had nothing to do. Its full title was The Anti-Jneohin Review and Magazine, or Monthly Political ' and Literary Censor. It ceased to appear in 1821. AN'TILEGOM'ENA (Gk., spoken against, from dvTl, iiiiH, against --iyeLp, (ej/eiH, to sjjeak). A term applied by Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History. III., 25, to certain New Testament books which were not, in his day, homolorjoiiiiiena (oiMoXoyoiixciia), i.e., everywhere acknowledged as autlientic and authoritative. There were seven such books: viz., .James, II. Peter, Jude, II. and III. John, Hebrews, and the Revelation of John. AN'TI-LIB'ANUS, or AN'TI-LEB'ANON (Gk. 'AvTiXf/SaTOs, Aiitilihaiios. Counter Leba- non). A mountain ridge in Palestine and Syria, about ninety miles long, separated from tlie Leb- anon range on the west by the valley of Ccele- Syria (Map: Turkey in Asia, Go). It is gen- erally inferior to the Lebanon, its highest peak. Mount Hermon, on the southeast, being only a little over 9000 feet in height. This mountain is covered with perpetual snow, and gives rise to the River Jordan. The Antilibanus is composed of Cretaceous strata, and is almost devoid of cedars. Besides Mount Hermon the highest peaks are Tala-at-]Iusa (8721 feet). Haliniat-Kabu (8257 feet), and Abul-Hin (8330 feet).

ANTILLES, Engl, iin-til'lez; Fr. iix't^M'. A name apjjlied to the West India Islands exclusive of the Bahamas. (See map on following page.) The total area is about 90,000 square miles. The Antilles are generally divided into the Great- er and Lesser Antilles. The former comprise the four largest islands, Cuba, .Jamaica, Haiti, and Porto Rico. The Lesser Antilles arc composed of the Leeward and Windward groups, including all the small islands along the northern coast of Venezuela. Some authorities exclude the Virgin Islands from the Leeward group, thereby making four divisions instead of three. For detailed information, see articles on the groups and sepa- rate islands.

AN'TILOCA'PRA (Antelope + Lat. eapra, a she-goat). The type genus of the North American ruminant family Antilocapridae, repre- sented by the pronghorn, characterized by the absence of lateral hoofs, and especially by the fact that the horns, compressed at the base, are branched and deciduous. See Pronghorn.

AN'TILOG'ARITHM. See. ANTI-MACHIAVEL, an'ti-makT-a-v?.!. A treatise written by Frederick the Great before he came to the throne; published by Voltaire in 1740. It is a reply to MachiavcUi's Prince, and sets forth the obligations of rulers.

ANTIM'ACHUS (Gk. 'Am>a,vof, Antim- aehos). A Greek poet and critic of Colophon, who lived about 410 B.C. He was a contempor- ary of Plato and a forerunner of the poets of the Alexandrine School. His works were more re- markable for learning than genius. His chief productions were Lyde, a cycle of elegies; an epic poem, Theba'is, which the Alexandrine critics thought worthy to be compared with Homer's Iliad, and a recension of the text of the Homeric poems. In the few extant fragments of his works, his style, though learned, is rigid and artificial. Consult: Kifikel's edition of the Thebais, in the Epicorum Grwcorum Fragmenta (Volume I., Leipzig, 1877), and Bergk's edition of Lyde, in Poetw Lyriei Grwei (fourth edition, Leipzig. 1S82). AN'TI-MA'SONS. The name of a political party in New York and other States, organized in 1827-28, chiefly as the result of excitement over the fate of William Morgan, of Batavia, N. Y., who was said to be about to publish, or betray, the secrets of the Masonic order, of which he was a member. He disappeared suddenly in 1826, and his fate has never been satisfactorily determined. The opponents of Freemasonry declared that he had been murdered and his body sunk in the river or lake at Niagara. Legal inquiries followed, but proved nothing. At or about that time the governor of the State was a Mason of the most advanced degrees, and probably a majority of all public officers were members of the order. Widespread excitement pervaded western New York, and the Anti-Masonic party was formed, casting 33,000 votes in 1828, about 70,000 in 1829, and 120,000 in 1830, though many in the latter year were anti-Jackson men, without reference to Masonry. The party attempted to organize on national lines in 1830, and especially in connection with its National Convention of 1831; and in 1832 it supported William Wirt for President, but carried only one State, Vermont. The party was also able, through the disorganization of the Democrats, to control temporarily Pennsylvania, and it was strong in Ohio and Massachusetts; but after 1835 it disappeared as rapidly as it had arisen. Many who were conspicuous later in the two chief parties, such as Thurlow Weed (q.v.) and Seward (q.v.), were members of this party for a brief time; but upon the coalescence and harmonizing of each of the dominant parties, the life of a third national party became an impossibility, especially upon the