Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/714

ANTICHRIST. regarding the Man of Sin and his own gospel opponents; from its definite form in the written gospel is quite certain to have come John's state- ment regarding the false prophet, if not his use of the term itself.

The idea of Antichrist persisted into the post- apostolic times, in both .Jewish and Cliristian circles. In the former it returned to its earlier national form: in the latter it carried forward the final New Testament form of the teaching. Consult: Discussions; H. Gunkel, Hchupfung und Chaos (Giittingen, 1S95); W. Bousset, The Anti- christ Legend, Engli.sh translation (London, 1890): M. Friedlilnder. Der Antichrist in den vorchristlichen jiidischen Qtiellen (Giittingen, 1901). AN'TICLI'MAX (Gk. avrl,. anti, against + H}i/in-,kUinux, a hiddcr, climax). In rhetoric, an abru])t declension by a writer or speaker from the dignity to which his idea has attained. Though the anticlimax is to be avoided in serious discourse, where it leads to bathos, it is employed with fine effect in ridicule and satire. Pope. Addison, and Fielding were masters in this art of unexpected descent. Pope, for example, thus writes of Queen Anne at Hampton Court:

" Here thou, s^reat n.T! whom three realms obey, Dost sometimes conn^Jel t.Tke — and sometimes tea." AN'TICLI'NAL AX'IS. See.

AN'TICLINE (Gk. oit/, anti, against, oppo- site -f- K/ireiv, klinein, to incline). In geology, a term applied to that form of rock-folding in which tile opposite sides or liml)s of the fold slope downward and away from the crest of the fold. Anticlinal axis is the a.xis or crest of such a fold. The anticline may be compared to the ordinary gable-roof — the axis corresponding to the ridge of the roof, while the limbs of the anti- cline correspond to the slopes of the roof. When the anticlinal axis lies in a horizontal plane, which, however, is seldom the case, the layers composing the limbs of the fold are. after ero- sion, exposed in parallel rows on either side of the axis; those layers of earlier age. and conse- quently of lower stratigraphic position, occupy- ing positions nearer to the axis, and rice-versd. Tlius, in an anticlinal ridge the crest of the ridge is occupied by rocks of a geologic age earlier than that of the rocks forming the flanks of the ridge. This condition is due largely to the fact that the rocks near the axis have suf- fered greater compression and are consequently harder than are those of the flanks.

The supplementary condition to that of the anticline, or up-fold, is observed in the syncline. or down-fold, and indeed these two types of folds are usually found in close association; the features of anticlines being, however, reversed in synclines. When anticlinal and synclinal axes are tilted and eroded, the component layers out- crop in alternating convergent and divergent series to form zigzag ridges with intervening "canoe-valleys," a type of structure which is well developed in Pennsylvania. The term anti- clinorium is applied to a compound anticline. and the term synclinoriuni to a compound svn- cline. Anticlines are intimately associated with the occurrence of natural gas, it having been dem- onstrated that the gas occurs at those portions of the gas-bearing stratinn that have been thrust upward to form an anticlinal axis or dome. See DiASTROPins.M; Geolocy; and for illustration, see iilate accompanying the latter title.

AN'TI-CORN'-LAW LEAGUE. An organization in Great Britain which had much to do with the ultimate repeal of the Corn Laws. The League, in which Richard Cobden was the leading spirit, was formed at Manchester. March 20,1839. With the aid of Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright, as ell as many others, the League undertook what in our day would be termed a campaign of educa- tion. Meetings were held in all corners of the kingdom, and vast quantities of tracts and other literature bearing upon the Corn Laws were dis- tributed broadcast. So thorough was the work and so timely, that a few years sufficed to accom- plish the purpose of the League. It was through the discussions of this organization rather than the debates of Parliament that the nation was prepared for the change of policy which took place in 184G. See articles CoRN Law.s; Free Trade; Tariff.

AN'TICOS'TI (N. Amer. Ind. .A'oncofefc). A barren isbuid in the province of Quebec, Canada, dividing the Gulf of St. Lawrence into two channels, and situated between lat. 49° and 50° N. and long. 61° 40' and 64° 30' W, forty miles north of Cape Gaspg (Map: Canada, ST). It is 135 miles long, with a maximum width of 40 miles; has an area of 2.500 square miles. It is almost destitute of harbors, the north shore teing mountainous, and the south low and beset with shoals, while the neighboring currents are capricious. Ellis Bay, to the west, and Fox Bay, in the northwest, are the only safe harbors. The climate is severe, while the surface is an alternation of rocks and swamps. The principal inhabitants are the keepers of the lighthouses situated at difl'erent parts of the coast. Pop., 250. Near the island there are considerable salmon, trout, cod, and herring fisheries. It is a favorite resort for seal and bear hunting, and in 1896 was acquired as a game preserve by M. Menier, a Parisian manufacturer. The most extensive peat deposits in the Dominion are found in Antiiosti, Marl also exists in most of the small lakes and ponds along the coast. In 1873. divided into twenty counties by a land company, .-inticosti was the scene of a disastrous colonization scheme. The colonists who were attracted by specious promises, had to be removed to the mainland, after suffering severe privations. The rocks of Anticosti are of great interest to the geologist, as they comprise a series of shale and limestone beds that constitute an uninterrupted transition formation between the Ordovician and Silurian systems such as is known in few other localities. Consult: Logan, Geological Hurvey of Canada, Report of Proriress from its Commencement to 1S63, with' atlas (Montreal, 1863-65); Billings, "Catalogue of the Silurian Fossils of Anti-costi," Geological Survey of Canada (Montreal, 1866). See. AN'TICY'CLONE. See. ANTICYEA, rm-tis'i-ra. A city of Phocis on the Corinthian Gulf, famous for the hellebore I which grew in the neighborhood. The modern town is Aspra Spitia. There were two other towns called Antieyra, one in Locris and one in Malis. AN'TIDOTE (Gk. cLvtWotos, antidofos, given against, from aprl, anti, against + ^loi^ai, dido-nui, to give). A term applied in medicine to any substance capable of neutralizing the action of a poison, or, in general, of any other substance.