Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/706

ANTHOLOGY. which is a mere copy of Persian literature, has also several anthologies. The most imjiortant are: Giihari Ihrfihlm (Rose Garden of Ibra- him), by 'All Ibrahim, containing bioginphical notices of three hundred Hindustani poets, with specimens of their wiitings; the collection called Diicfini Jihan (Divan of the World), by Beni-Narayan; Giilshani Hind (Garden of In- dia), by Wirza 'Ali Lntf; Guldasta'i yisliOt (Garland of Pleasure), by Manu L:il (Calcutta, 1836), and Oulrla^td'i X(i~iui))in (Garland of Delights), Ijy Kurim-ad-Din (Calcutta, 184.5) . The substance of these works is to be found in Garcin de Tassy's Uistoire de la Uttcrature hindotie et hindoustanic (second edition, Paris, 1839-47), which, under the title of TabalcaU Shurfii Hindi, was translated into Hindustani by Karim-ad- Dln (Delhi, 1848). In the pure Hindu we have a rich collection of songs, the Ragsutjar (Ocean of JIusieal Verse), by Krishnananda (Calcutta, 1845).

7. Sanskrit Anthologies. The Sanskrit lit- erature is not so rich in anthologies as are other Oriental literatures. But the collections, com- prising a hundred strophes each (Satakus), and attributed to many poets, may almost be termed anthologies. True' Sanskrit anthologies are the Haduktiknnwmrta. or "ear-nectar of good say- ings," li Haradasa (about 1205 A.D.), the Hiirn- gadharaijaddkati, or Anthology of Sarngad- hara, and Vallabhadeva's Siibhnshitavali (Se- ries of Good Words). Biihtlingk, Indische Spriiche, 3 volumes (St. Petersburg. 1870-73). contains an anthology of 7613 Sanskrit strophes, with a literal German translation.

8. Chinese Anthologies. The oldest anthology in the world is that which Confucius has handed down under the name of the Shi-King, or Book of Songs, forming one of the five great canonical books, or sacred classics of the Chinese. Chinese authors assert that about 3000 other poems were known in the time of Confucius. The .S7it-7vi»f/ consists of 311 pieces, which picture vividly the nuinners and customs, the state of knowledge and art, and the aspects of nature in the states which afterward became Cliina. The best translation with critical appa- ratus is by .James Legge (London, 1870). There is also a version in Latin by Lacharme ( Stutt- gart, 1830), and one in German by Riickert (Al- tona, 1833). The poems of the Liang Dynasty (.502-557 A.I).), and of the Tang Dynasty (618- 905), have also been collected, but are only in part translated.

9. Japanese Anthologies. The .Japanese abound in anthologies, since they consider poetry more as the production of an epoch than of an individual. The oldest and largest anthology, compiled in the eighth century, is called Minujn- sliK, or Collection of Ten Thousand J,cnves. It contains 4565 songs, mostly in 31-syllable poems. The Kokinshu, or Hongs Ancient and Modern, numbering 1090, was finished about 922. -An- other anthology of the same century, (rosen Wakashu, contains 1356 short poems. Other collections were made by order of the Mikados in the succeeding centuries, ending with the fif- teenth, and (hese. with Songs Ancient and Mod- ern, are known under the general name of the An- thologies of the One and Twenty Reiyns. All of these books have had abundant commentary, and are valuable to the student and historian. There are innumerable other collections made by im- perial or private order, besides many selections of one hundred songs cacli, the most famous of the latter being the Hiaku-nin-is-shiu (one hun- dred poets, one verse), which has been translated into English with notes liy F. V. Dickens (Lon- don, 1866). Consult also, Anthologie japonnaise^ by Leon de Eosny, Paris, 1870, and B. H. Cham- berlain, Classical Poetry of the Japanese (Lon- don, ISSO).

AN'THON, Chablbs, LL.D. (1797-1867). An American classical scholar and teacher. He was born in New York City, graduated at Columbia College in 1815, .studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1819, but never practiced. The net year he became adjunct professor of Greek and Latin at Columbia, and after fifteen years, became full professor. From 1830 to 1867 he xas also head master of the grammar school of Columbia College. He was exceedingly efficient as a teacher, and won considerable reputation by his annotated editions of a large number of classical authors, prepared as school and college text-books. Besides nearly fifty such works, he published a new edition of Lempriere's Classical Dictionary (1822), a new Classical Dictionary (1841), a dictionary of Greek and Roman an- tiquities (1843), and a number of other manuals. , which were long and extensively used by elas- ', sical students, both in this country and in Eng- land.

ANTHONY, an'to-ni. A city and county ^ seat of Harper Co.. Kan.. 70 miles southwest of Wichita; on the St. Louis and San Francisco, the Kansas Southwestern, and other railroads (Map: Kansas, D 4). It controls a trade in the products of the surrounding agricultural and stock raising region, and has some manufactures. Pop., 1890. 1800; 1900, 1179.

ANTHONY, Clemens Tueodor (1755- 1836). King of Saxony. Upon the death of his brother Frederick Augustus I., on May 5, 1827, he succeeded to the throne. After the disturbances of 1830 he appointed his nephew. Prince Fried- rich Augu.st, co-regent, and on September 4 of the following year he gave his sanction to a constitutional government for the kingdom.

ANTHONY, (1815-84). An American journalist and legislator. He was born at Coventry, R. I., and graduated at Brown University in 1833. He became editor of the Providence Journal in 1838, and continued as such for more than twenty years. In 1849, and again in 1850, he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, on the Whig ticket. He was a Republican member of the United States Senate from 1859 until his death, and served twice (1863 and 1871) as president pro tem. A collection of his historical and memorial addresses was printed for private circulation in 1S75. He bequeathed to Brown University the Harris collection of American poetry, containing about 6000 volumes. See the Anthony Memorial (1886), a catalogue of the collection, with a sketch of the donor.

ANTHONY, (1804-77). An American conchologist. He was born at Providence, R. I., and for many years was in commerce, but his studies in mitural history resulted in his being invited by Professor Louis Agassiz, in 1863, to the directorship of the conchological department of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard University. In 1865 he accompanied Professor Agassiz on the Thayer