Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/705

ANTHOLOGY. under Justinian by A<;athias of JFyrina nml called by him The Cycle (Kric/iof, kyUlos). Ap- parently, the combined anthologj' of Melcager and Philip was enrrent for a lon^ time beside the Cycle Of Agathias. In the tenth century small antholofjies. the so-called Sylluye Eupheiniaiia and the Sylloge Parisina, were made, lietter known is the large compilation of Constantius Cephalas in fifteen books, which dates from tlie early part of the same eenhiry. Four centuries later, the monk Jlaxinnis IMam- ides made a careless selection from Cepha- - las's compilation in seven books. This latter was the only anthology known to western pjurope until the seventeenth century. It is preserved at Venice in the single manuscript from which it was first published by Lascaris (Florence, 1494). It has been frequently reedited, and was trans- lated into Latin liy Grotius.

In 1607, however, Salmasius discovered and copied in the Palatine Library at Heidelberg the single manuscript of Ccphalas's larger compila- tion, now known as the Palatine Aniholoijy. Salmasius 's cojjy was published first by Brunck in his Analecta (177G) : this edition was super- seded by Jacobs's Anlhulof/ia Gnrca (1704-180.3; improved edition, 1813-17). and was again re- edited with the addition of epigi'ams from in- scriptions by Diibner (2 volumes, 1864; third vol- ume by C'ougn3'. 1800) ; Stadtmiiller's critical edition of it is not vet completed (Volume I., 1S04: II.. 1, 1890). "in all, over three hundred poets, from ))re-classical to Byzantine times, are represented in this Anthology : the collection is invaluable as a mirror of (Jreek civilization and thought, and the epigrams express the entire range of human feeling with a brilliancy and cleverness that translation cannot repro- duce. Transl.itions have been made into English by Wrangham. .John Sterling. Meri- vale, Garnctt, Synionds, and others. Consult: Symonds. SUidics of the Greek Poets (London, 189.3) ; Butler, Amaranth and Asphodel (Lon- don. 1881); Mackail. Helect Epigrams (London, 1891). On the smaller collections, consult Dil- they, De Epigrammatum Syllogis Qaibusdam Minoribus (1887).

2. Latix Anthologies. In l.i73, Scaliger pub- lished at Leyden, in imitation of the Greek an- tholog;^', a Latin anthology, under the title Cata- Itcta Veteniiii •Poitaruin, and Pittbcius one at Paris. l.'jOO. A larger collection was issued at Amsterdam (1759 and 1773) by Peter Burmann the younger, under the title Anthologia Vetrriim Latinorum Epigrammatum et Poematum. In the nineteenth centurj- a more careful anthology was undertaken by Riese (1860-70), a second edition of which is in course of publication (Leipzig. 1894).

Asiatic literature is extremely rich in antholo- gies, which consist sometimes of extracts from the best j)octs. arranged according to the subject, and sometimes of "beauties" of their best poets, with biogi-aphical notices, which are either placed in chronological oiiler or according to the coun- tries in which the authors lived.

3. -Araiuc Anthologies. The oldest Arabic anthology is the Moallakat (see A?jt.u). consist- ing of the seven most celebrated pre-Islamic poems. .V much larger collection was made by Abu-TeniAm (died .846). who published selei- tions from the old ' .Arabic songs composed previous to the time of Mohammed, arranged them in ten books, and named the entire collection after the first book, which consisted of war songs, .1/ Hamiisa. A German translation by Riickert was published in 1846, under the ti- tle llamasa. Another famous anthology is the Divan of the lludhailitcs (an .rabic tribe), a partial edition of which was ]niblishcd by Kose- garten, and a (Jerman tianshilion by Abicht (1870). Wellhausen comideted (lie edition (Ar- abic and German) in 1887. as Part I. of Skizzen und Yornrbeitcn, published by him. Abu'l-Faradj of Ispahan (died 067) gathered together in his Kildh al-Aghuni (Book of Songs) all the ancient Arabic .songs down to the first centuries of the caliphate. It was published by Kosegarten in 1840; but the complete work, in twenty volumes, was not issued till (juitc recently by the Arabic press of Bulak, to which Briinnow added the twenty-fir.st volume in 1888. An Index to this anthology is no^• being prepared by a group of scholars under the editorship of I. Guidi. Abu'l- Faradj accompanied this work with a minute commentary, which makes it one of the most in- teresting of the old Arabic literature. But the richest and most complete anthology of the later Aiabic poetry is Yalintut nlltnhr I The Pearl of the World), by Taalabi, in which the writers are arranged according to the provinces in which they lived. It has been continued and enlarged since the period of the original compiler. Besides these and similar national anthologies, collec- tions have been made in almost every province where the Arabic culture and speech prevailed. Such, for example, are the numerous Arabico- Spanish anthologies, though these are but little knou.

4. Turkish Antiiologie.s. The number of an- thologies in the West Turkish, or, as it is gen- erally called, the Turkish language, is very large. The most famous are: Hesht Behesht (The Eight Paradises), by Sehi of Adri- anople (died 1.548) ; Taskarnt ash-Shnara, (Lives of the Poets), by Latifi (died 1582), and, un- der the same title, a similar work of Ashik Che- lebi (died 1571); and the gTeat collection, Hub- dat al-Ash'ar (The Blossoms of Poetry), by Kassade (died 1621). The substance of these anthologies is to be found in Hammer Purgstall's (fes-chichte der osmanischen Dichtkunst (Pesth, lS.3fi).

5. Persian Anthologies. The Persian litera- ture has many anthologies, which are called safl- nah (ship), majmai (collection), hayCid (album), inlikhiib or mniitakhab (selection), and the like. Among these anthologies may be named the ilurttakhab vl-ash'ar (Selection of Poems), compiled in 174S: and the DarjiTit/ ul-ash'dr (Subtleties of Poems), compiled in the eighteenth century, which deals, as its name implies, especi- ally with the more artificial styles of Persian poetry. The numerous biographical dictionaries of poets, called Tadhkirat. or memoirs, contain many verses from the poets whose lives are re- corded in those works. One of the most impor- tant of these is the Tadhkirat ash-shirdru, writ- ten by Daulat-Shah in 1847. Special mention must also be made of the Farhunghi ash-shu'Oril (Dictionary of Poets), which contains an an- thidogy of about 22.4.50 distichs in Persian, .and which was abiidged and freely imitated by Ham- mer Pui'gstall in his Duftkiirner aiis persischen Dichlrrn gesammelt, reedited by Bodenstedt (Stuttgart" 1860).

6. Indian Anthologies. The literature of the ^Mohammedan population of Hindustan,