Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/672

ANNAPOLIS. the French in 1713, when Port Royal changed its name in honor of Queen Anne, continuing to be the seat of government till, in 1750, it was superseded by Halifax. Since then Annapolis has lost much of its former prestige, and owes whatever importance it has still retained to its river, which is navigable for nearly the whole of its course of seventy miles. Pop., 1901, 1019.  ANNAPOLIS. The capital of Maryland, port of entry, and county seat of Anne Arundel County, on the Severn River, about 2 miles from Chesapeake Bay, 26 miles south by east of Baltimore and 37 miles by rail from Washington, D. C. It is on the Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line, and the Annapolis, Washington and Baltimore Railroad, and is connected by boat with Baltimore and other points on the bay (Map:, M 5). Among the more prominent points of interest are the Governor's House, a tine State House, the county buildings, the (q.v.), St. John's College, founded in 1789, and statues of Chief Justice Taney and General De Kalb. The city has a fine harbor, and is the seat of an extensive oyster-canning industry, the product being largely exported. Pop., 1890, 7604; 1900, 8525. In 1608 Captain John Smith visited the site of Annapolis, but no settlement was made until 1649, when a company of Puritans from Virginia established here the town of “Providence” (later changed successively to “Proctor's,” “The Town,” “Anne-Arundel Town,” and, finally, in honor of Queen Anne, to “The Town of Annapolis”). In 1694 the capital of the province was moved hither from St. Mary's, and in 1708 (August 10), Annapolis was erected into a city. Early in the eighteenth century one of the first free schools on the continent was organized here. Out of this (q.v.) later developed. On May 25,1774, the citizens passed resolutions of sympathy for Boston, whose port had recently been closed, and on October 18, the brig Peggy Stewart, laden with tea, was publicly burned. On December 23, 1783, Washington surrendered to Congress, sitting temporarily at Annapolis, his commission as commander-in-chief. In 1845 the United States Naval Academy was established here. Consult: Ridgely, Annals of Annapolis to 1812 (Baltimore, 1841); and a sketch in Powell's Historic Towns of the Southern States (New York, 1900).  ANNAPOLIS CONVEN′TION,. A convention held at Annapolis, Md., September 11, 1786, to consider the question of intercolonial commerce and discuss some proposed alterations in the Articles of Confederation. Commissioners from only five States, Virginia, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, were present (though New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and North Carolina had appointed delegates, who did not attend); and the Convention accordingly adjourned after recommending that a convention of all the States be called for the purpose of rendering “the Constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union.” This led to the Constitutional Convention of 1787.  ANN AR′BOR. A city and county seat of Washtenaw Co., Mich., 38 miles west of Detroit, on the Huron River, and on the Michigan Central and the Ann Arbor railroads (Map:, K 6). It has a fine situation amid picturesque scenery, and is the seat of the University of Michigan. (See .) Its high school is well known among secondary institutions of learning, and occupies a building which, with the court house and post-office buildings, the Homeopathic Hospital and the Michigan Central Depot, is among the prominent features of the city. Ann Arbor is the centre of a fertile agricultural district, and has important manufactures of furniture, agricultural implements, pumps, engines, boilers, lumber products, organs and pianos, flour, carriages, etc. The government, under a revised charter of 1895, is vested in a mayor, biennially elected, a city council, and administrative officials, the majority of whom are appointed by the mayor, either absolutely or with the consent of the council. Ann Arbor was settled in 1824, and was incorporated as a city in 1851. Pop., 1890, 9431; 1900, 14,509.  ANNARR′, or ONARR′. In Norse mythology, the husband of Nött (night), and father of Jörd (the earth).  AN′NAS (Heb., merciful). A Jewish high-priest, appointed by Quirinius in 6, and deposed by Valerius Gratus in 15 He, no doubt, continued to exercise great influence, as the office was held by five of his sons, Eleazar, Jonathan, Theophilus, Avan, and Matthias, and by his son-in-law, Joseph, surnamed Caiaphas, between 18 and 36  The wealth of “the house of Annas” was to some extent derived from the booths, where they provided all kinds of materials for sacrifice. By this monopoly they made the temple “a den of robbers,” and drew down upon themselves the curses of the Pharisees as well as the indignation of Jesus. The influential position of Annas may have led to the erroneous statement of Luke, that there were two high-priests, Annas and Caiaphas (iii: 2), and the consequent Johannine account of a separate trial of Jesus, before Annas (xviii: 13-27). A son of Annas, by the same name, was appointed high-priest by Agrippa II. in 62 He is said to have put to death James, the brother of Jesus; but the passage of Josephus (Ant. xx: 9) which relates this is probably a Christian interpolation.  ANNATES,, or. In ecclesiastical law, the value of every spiritual living for a whole year (hence the name, from the Lat. annus, a year), which the Pope, claiming the disposition of every spiritual benefice within Christendom, reserved out of every living. This impost was at first only levied from persons appointed to bishoprics; but it was afterward extended to the inferior clergy. The value of these annates was calculated according to a rate made under the direction of Pope Innocent IV. (1253 ), but which was afterward increased by Pope Nicholas III. (1292 ). The valuation of Pope Nicholas is still preserved in the exchequer. This Papal exaction was abolished by the Act 25 Henry VIII. c. 20, and by an act passed in the following year of the same reign (26 Henry VIII. c. 3), the right to annates, or first fruits, was annexed to the crown. The various statutes subsequently passed on this subject have all been consolidated by an act (1 Vict. c. 20) regulating the collection of the moneys so levied. See ; .  ANNATTO,. See. <section end="Annatto" />