Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/655

ANGLING. Lamb wrote: '"It would sweeten a man's temiJer at any time to read it; it would Tliristianize every discordant, angry passion." Angling is one of t)ie richest departments of English letters. W'estwood and Satchel's Bibliotheca I'iscatoria, published as long ago as 18S3, catalogues over three thousand works more or less concerning fish and fishing. Angling will be found treated in detail under three heads, viz.: fly-casting, bail-fishing, and trolling. To such as wish to understand the natural history of the objects of their pursuit as Avell as to master the various methods of capture, the following instructive monographs are recommended in addition to the volumes referred to in this article: Izaak Wal- ton, Viiiiipleat Anijlcr; or the Contemplative Miin'f: Itecreation (first New York edition, 1847) ; Giinther, An Introduction to the iSVwrfi/ of Fishes: Day, British and Irisli S(ilmonid<r ; G. B. Goode. Ame^-iciin Fishes (New York, ISSS); Seth Green, Home Fishing mid Home Waters (New York. 1888) ; Green and Roosevelt, Fish Batching and Fish Catching; Wright, Fishes, Their Loves, Passions, and lntcU<-cts; Cholmon- deley-Pennell, Modern Improvements in Fishing Taclde (London, 1887) ; The Angler yatvralist, and the two volumes of the Badminton Library of Sports, entitled Fishing: Nobbe, Art of Troll- ing, and J. J. JIanley, Literature of Sea and h'iver Fishing (London, 1883). See ; ;.

AN'GLO IS'RAELITE THE'ORY. An opinion as to the origin of the English people, held quite extensively in both Britain and America. It is maintained that the Englisli are descended from the Israelites, who were made captives by the Assyrians under Sargon (c. 722 r.c.) — the so-called Lost Ten Tribes — and brought into Media, where they are identified with the Sac£e or Scythians, who appeared as a conquering horde there aliout the same time. The next swarmed westward into northern Europe, and became progenitors in particular of the Saxon invaders of England. The theory is destitute of scientific proof. The Ten Tribes were never lost; they were absorbed in the surrounding population, and so disappeared. But the vitality of the Anglo-Israelite theory is sho%vn by the appearance of the book bj' Jl. L. Streator, The Anglo- Alliance in Prophecy; or, The Promises to the Fathers (New HaTen, Conn., 1000, two volumes).

AN'GLOMA'NIA (A hybrid formation from Anglo, Englisli -;- Gk. fiarin, munia, madness, frenzy, enthusiasm). A term which designates, in America and other countries, a weak imitation of English manners, customs, etc., or an indiscriminate admiration of English institutions. In German literature, an Anglomania was especially prevalent in the eighteenth century, wlien translations of English books became numerous, and were read with great admiration. The Ger- mans have ascribed the sentimental and affected style of some parts of their literature to the in- fluence of the English literature of that century. But the Anglomania was harmless in comparison with the Gallomania, or imitation of French lit- erature and customs, which prevailed in the time of Fredej'ick II. of Piussia, and was developed in the writings of Wieland. A remarkable .Anglo- mania prevailed in France for some time before the commencement of the Revolution. It arose out of political considerations and admiration of English free institutions, biit extended to trifles even of fashions and manners, and often became very ridiculous. Gallomania was prevalent in the United States during the last few years of the Third Empire, from 1804 to 1870. the Empress Eugenie set the fashions for American women, and everything French was admired and imit:>ted by the 'smart" set in New York and other .mer- ican cities. It was at this time that the famous saying originated which declares that "when good Americans die, they go to Paris." Since the garish and somewhat vulgar court of the Third Napoleon has been replaced in France by the more sober regime of the Rejmblic, Anglomania has replaced Gallomania with our fashionable set, and the devotion of certain people to the cult of British manners has for some time been a fruitful theme of ])opular satire.

AN'GLO-SAX'ON ART. A term used to describe whatever works of art were produced in England during the period of about six centuries between the time of the conquest by the Angles, Saxons, and other Germanic tribes and the time of the Norman conquest in the eleventh century. They found a combination f)f distinct Roman and Celtic art traditions, and were influ- enced by them, and subsequently by Christian art from Rome and Byzantium. Their originality was shown principally in their jewelry (especi- ally the c7o)so)i?ip) and arms, in which, however, they had borrowed what they knew from the Goths, whose works of the same kind were far more artistic. In architecture, the Anglo-Saxons

used principally wood, and relied entirely on foreign workmen for their rare buildings in stone, which were extremely plain, and this, which can hardly be called a "style," was influenced and partly superseded by the Norman style even before the Conquest. The Anglo-Saxons excelled in the illuminating of MSS., and in this they borrowed from the Irish Celts, and in their turn assisted the Irish monks in teaching the Carlovingian artists; for the gieat Anglo-Saxon monasteries sent masters to those in Gaul before and after the time of Alcuin.

Of the stone churches, hardly a single one survives intact, all those of any importance having been reconstructed ^hen the Norman or the Gothic style was favored. The stone-masons, who were brought from Gaul and Rome in the seventh century to build the first stone churches, erected for Benedict Biseop the famous monasteries of Wearmouth and Yarrow: small parts of them remain. The little hall chinch at Bradford, entirely without columns, is almost the only complete structure remaining (70.5 A.D.). To about the same time belong the crypts at Ripon and Hexham. After these early works, which retain something of a Continental and Roman style, the later monuments of the ninth, tenth and early eleventh centuries, show an increase of Celtic peculiarities. The church towers have sometimes survived where the churches themselves have been renovated, and they form the most interesting group of Anglo-Saxon monuments, from such simple ones as that of Barton-on-Humber, through the more architectural examples at Barnack and Sompting, to the richer towers of Earl's Barton and Deerhurst. They are built of crude, irregular masonry — a few large blocks set in the midst of a mass of small stones. The corners are formed of long-and-short work, the high and narrow stones alternating with the flat, long ones bonded into the wall. In the more