Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/652

ANGLESITE. ANGLESITE. aij'gle-sit. A lead sulpliate that crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and occurs in white, light-yellow, green. and sonietinios blue colors. It is formed as a result of the de- composition of galena, and was originally found in Anglcsea. England, whence its name: it also occurs in Cornwall, Derbyshire, and Cumberland: at various localities in the Hartz: in Hungary: and in the United States, at Phcnixville, Pa., at various points in the Missouri lead mines, at Rossie, N. Y., and elsewhere. Anglesite is use- ful as an ore of lead (q.v. ).

AN'GLEWORM'. An earthworm, when used as fish-bait. See.

AN'GLIA, East. A kingdom founded by the Angles before the middle of the sixth centiu-y, in the eastern part of central England, comprising the modern counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and equivalent in extent to the modern see of Nor- wich. It was somewhat dependent on Kent; but about G54, Anglia fell under the sway of Jlercia, and so continued till Egbert. King of Wessex. con- quered Mercia and E:ist Anglia. in 82.5. Alfred the Great gave Anglia to the Danes under Guth- rum in 878; but Edward, his son and successor, forced the Danes to acknowledge him in 921. Anglia soon became a part of the West Saxon kingdom. AN'GLICAN. Belonging to the Church of England or to the other churches in communion with it, in Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. The term is sometimes ap])lied to the High Church party. See, and.

ANGLICAN CHURCH; See.

ANGLICAN COMMU'NION. A term coming to be recognized as the semi-official title of the now world-wide body which is in communion with the Church of England (q.v.) as represented in its centre of unity, the see of Canter- bury. It is only in com])aratively recent years that this body has come to have anything like a concrete existence, which by the logic of events is crystallizing more and more, in contradiction though it be to the famous Branch Tlieory on which the claims of the body to be considered a part of the Catholic or Universal Church are based. Its component parts are the Episcopal Churches of England, Scotland. Ireland, the British colonies, and the United States, with a few sporadic organizations on similar lines in the Latin countries. It coheres loosely by means of general agi-eement in worship and terms of communion, and as an integial body is repre- sented by its bishops from all parts of the world in the Lambeth Conference (q.v.) at irregular intervals.

AN'GLIN, (1876—). An Ameri- can actress, daughter of the Hon. T. V. Anglin, who at the time of her birth, at Ottawa, Can- aaa, was Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons. After studying at the Empire School of Dramatic Acting (New York City), she made her dfbut at New York in Shen- andoah in 1894. .mong her roles were Roxane, in Richard Mansfield"s p)esent.ation of Cyrano <lr Jirrqcrar ( 1SH8); iMimi.in The Onh|^Vn^| ( 1809); Mrs. Dane, in Mrs. Dane's Defence (1900); and Mabel Vaighn in The Wihlerncss (1901). Con- sult Strang, Famous Acti-esses of the Day in America (Boston, 1890).

AN'GLING (A. S. angel, fish-hook, akin to Engl, angle, a corner, bend). The term angling has, by common understanding, become re- stricted to the catching of fish as a source of recreation, while the word fishing expresses it as a commercial enterprise. The term "angle" and its cognate woids in most languages are limited to the hook; but it is quite clear that in Anglo-Saxon the word includes as well the line and rod; a definition pjroljaljly suggested by the position a rod and pendent line take when being used for bait fishing, at which time they form a right angle. Shakespeare refers to the angle in the sense of rod, line, and hook in Antony and Cleopatra, and he had good historic basis for selecting angling as a recreation in Egvpt, for the mural paintings of the Egyptians make it clear that angling was a favorite pastime of their men of rank. So accurately is the spawn- ing of fish described in the Bunduhish, a Pahlavi work relating to the creation, as to suggest the existence of angler naturalists among the fol- lowers of Zoroaster. Both Greeks and Romans pursued angling for diversion's sake. Many al- lusions in classical authors justify the inference that the idea expressed by our word sportsman had defined shape in antiquity. From Homer to ', Oppian there were piscatory poets, who dwelt on the exciting delights of the craft. Ojipian's Halieutica, a poem of the second century a.d.. treats of the natural history of fishes, and of the ' fishing methods of the ancients. The perfect; angler is lierein defined as "a well-made, active man, patient, vigilant, enterprising, courageous, and full of exjiedients; " and his outfit is sum- med uji in a couplet —

The earliest mention of fly-fishing occurs in the Epirjrnms of Martial, wherein is sung the rising (>} the wrasse "decoyed by fraiidful flies;"' but -Elian, the author of a zoology-, written al>oiit 200 A.D., gives a consummate description of this method of taking a certain species of trout as practiced by the Macedonians. From the angling pictures of Ausonius in the fourth century, there is, w ith the exception of a brief allusion in Piers Fulham. written about the year 1420, a break in the literature relatin.g to this sulijcct, until we reach tiie interesting work of Dame Juliana Berners. prioress of Sopwell Nunnery — A Treatysc of Fysshynge U'yth on Angle, printed in England in 1496. This treatise presents detailed instructions for the manufacture of tackle, gives faultless directions for fly-fishing, and describes minutelv "xij flyes wyth wyche ye shall angle to ye trought & grayllying." The flies have been tied by a modern expert, in accordance witti the directions given in the treatise, and they do credit to the taste of the first English authoress. Leonard Mascall's 4 Booke of Fishing trilh Hooke d- Line (1590), the next work of importance in English, is largely a reproduction of the essay of the literary prioress. The Secrets of A ngling, a delightful poem liy .lolni Dcnuys, appeared in 101,"i. and in Uiol Theinas Barker's The .4r< of .ingVnig, the first work in which fhe reel is recognized as essential to success in the capture of large fish with rod and line. Two years later. Walton's The Compleat Angler: or, 'ihe Conlemplatire Ulari's Recreation, was given to the world. It was of this book that Charles