Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/651

ANGLE. if the radius moves clockwise. If the arms are s(r;iL;lit. the an<;le is said to be rcrlilhicai- : if euived. curvilinear; if arcs of great circles on a sphere, spherical. Curvilinear angles have the same measure as the rectilinear angles formed by tangents to the curves at the vertex. If two planes meet, they are said to form a dihedral (C4k. two-seated) angle; this lias the same measure as the rectilinear angle fnniicd by two lines in the planes that are per- planes. If three or more ])lanes meet in one point, the.y are said to form a solid angle, the nieastiie of which is the ratio of the intercepted surface to the entire surface of any sphere hav- ing the vertex of the angle as its centre. A solid angle is trihedral, tctrahedral, etc., accord- ing as it is formed by 3, 4, etc.. planes. For the various attempts made to define the simple con- cept angle, consult Schotten, Inhi'iidicular to the line of intersection of the

ANGLE I'RON. See, for a desciiplion of this and other steel shapes.

ANGLE OF EL'EVA'TION, Angle of DePARTiRE, and other terms in Gunnery. See, and.

AN'GLER (The name alludes to its seeming to "angle" for its pre}'; see below). A singu- larly ugl}' and voracious marine fish (Lophius jiisralorins). also known as goose-fish, monk-fish, all-mouth, and fishing-frog. It is of the order I'cdiculati, chiefly characterized by the greatly elongated carpel bones, which form a kind of arm supporting the pectoral fins. The angler is a large fish, three to five feet in length, having the large, flattened head with its wide nioutli and luojecting lower jaw. and the anterior part of the body, greatly out of proportion to the pos- terior tapering part. The three anterior spines lLae become widely separated from the dorsal iln, and shifted forward onto the head, where the most anterior is much elongated, bar))el-like, and fleshy at the tip. It is bj' the brilliant color of this and other worm-like appendages about the mouth that the fish is said to attract smaller fishes and thus make them easy prey. The name goose-fish refers to the popular belief that it will seize geese and other swinnuing birds. It is a very hardy fish, and does not suffer from being out of the water as readily as most fishes. It occurs on the European shores, and on the Amer- ican coast from Nova Scotia to the Barbadoes. Some deep-sea fishes of a closely related family ( -Vntennariida;) are sometimes included under the same name, and apparently have similar habits. See Fkog-fish, and plate of Anglers AXu Batfish.

AN'GLES. A Low German tribe who occu- pied the district of Angeln in Schleswig-Hol- stein. and extended to the west as far as the North Sea. With the .Jutes and the Saxons, the .Angles passed over in great numbers to Britain during the fifth century, and settled in East Anglia. Xorthumbria. and Mcrcia. From them England derives its name fLat. Anfilia, A. S.. Eiif/la-laitd) . After these migrations from Schleswig. the Danes from the north entered the deserted districts, and mingled with the Angles who remained there. The German lan- by immigrant nobles from Holstein, and pre- vailed among the higher classes; but until the nineteenth century the Danish was still gener- ally spoken by the common peojjle. During the nineteenth century the German gained the as- cendency. The mf)(lcrn Angles are of a more passive disposition than the Frieslanders and the people of Ditmarschen, and religious sentiment is very strongly manifested among them. The district called Angeln extends from the Schlei on the south to the Flcnsburg hills on the north, contains about 330 square miles, and a popula- tion of about 38,000. Kappeln is the chief town. The name has no political or administra- tive significance. Consult Erdmann, Vbcr die Heiinat und den Kainen der Angeln (Upsala, 1891).

ANGLESEY, riu'gl'-se, or ANGLESEA (A. S. Angles eg, the Angles island). A county and island of Wales, separated from the mainland by the ilenai Strait (Map: Wales, B 3). Its length is about 20 miles, breadth about 17, coast line about SO. area 27.5 square miles. The count}- is divided into three districts, called ean- trefs, each subdivided into two cwmwds. The market towns are Amlwch (a flourishing little seaport of 5306 inhabitants), Beaumaris (q.v.), the countv town, Holyhead (q.v.), Llangefni, and Llanerchy-medd. Pop., 1891, .50,01)8 ; in 1901, 50,590. The surface is generally flat, and the .soil of indift'erent fertility and only partially cultivated, Ijy far the largest part being under pasture. The ])rincipal products are wheat, bar- lej', oats, and potatoes. The mineral deposits of the island are still important, though not so ex- tensive as 100 years ago, when the Parys and Mona copper mines were considered the most pro- ductive in England. Among the minerals the most important at present are copper, lead, silver, marble, limestone, asbestos, and coal. The island is connected with the mainland by one sus- pension bridge and the Britannia tubular bridge on the route of the Chester and Holyhead Rail- way. The island is traversed by two railway lines. There are still to be found some ancient relics of Druidism, which once flourished on the island. The Welsh language is largely spoken by the peasantry. Consult H. L. Jones, "The Medi- seval Antiquities of Anglesey," in Volume V., Archaeological Journal (London, 1844).

ANGLESEY,, first marquis of (171)8-1854). A British general and statesman. He was educated at Oxford and entered Parliament in 1790. He commanded a volunteer corps in Flanders, and acquired a high reputation as a cavalry oflicer in the Peninsular War. At the battle of Waterloo, where he commanded the British cavalry, he lost a leg. On his return to England he received a vote of thanks from Parliament, and was made Marquis of Anglesey. In 1828 he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Irelaiul at a period when that country was greatly agitated over the question of Catholic emancipation. This he at first opposed, but afterward advocated it, and in consequence was recalled by Wellington in 1829. lie was again appointed to the same olRce under Lord Grey's administration in 1830; but his coercive measures destroyed his popularity, and he resigned his position in 1833. He founded the Irish Board of Education. In 1846 he was promoted a field-marshal.