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ANGELL. Soutlibiidgo, Mass., and was oducated at Brown University and at Dartmouth College. In 18GS, with several other inlluential persons, he founded tlie Massaehusetts Society for the Pre- vention of Cruelty to Animals, of which associa- tion he was later elected president. In the same j'Car he established the publication entitled Our Dumb Animals, the first periodical of its kind. During a visit to England in 18G9 he urged the Royal Society to publish the Aiiiinal Woild, and induced the I'aroncss Burdett-Coutts to organize the Ladies' Humane Educational Committee of England; and he has been instrumental in the formation. of many similar societies throughout the United States. In 1889 he was empowered by the Massachusetts Legislature to incorporate the American Humane Education Society. Mr. Angell has also been instrumental in establishing several public health associations, and in promot- ing the movement directed against the sale of poisonous and adulterated foods. Many of his publications have been translated into foreign languages. One of his more recent productions is the entertaining volume entitled Autobiograph- ical {^ketches and Personal Recollections (Boston, 1S91).

ANGELL,. LL.D. (1829—). An American educator and diplomat. He was born in Seituate, R. I., graduated at Brown Uni- versity in 1849, and after travel in the South and in Europe became, in 1853, professor of mod- ern languages and literature in Brown Univer- sity. He was the editor of the Providence Daily Journal from 1800 to 1806, when he was appoint- ed to the presidency of the University of Ver- mont. In 1871 he became president of the Uni- versity of Michigan, which under his continued administration has come to be one of the fore- most universities in the country. He was United States minister to China from 1880 to 1881, at the same time acting as one of three commission- ers to negotiate a new treaty with that govern- inent. Dr. Angell was a member of the Anglo- American International Commission on Canadian Fisheries in 1887, and in 189C he was chairman of the Canadian-.^meriean commission on a deep waterway from the great lakes to the sea. He was appointed Minister to Turkey in 1897, but resigned in May, 1898. In 1887 he became a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Besides numerous addresses and frequent contributions to magazines. President Angell has published text-books, such as Progress in International Law (1875), and he wrote the article on "The Di- plomacy of the United States'' for the Narrative and Critical History of America (1888).

ANGELL, (1794-1857). An -American lawyer. He was born in Providence, R. I., and graduated at Brown University in 1813. He published a Treatise on the Common Lav: in Hehition to ^Yater Courses, with an ap- pendix (fifth edition, Boston, 1850) ; A Practical Summary of the Laio of Assignments (Boston, 1835), and other valuable treatises on legal sub- .jects, and edited the United States Law Intelli- riencer and Review (1829-31).

ANGELO,. See.

AN'GELO. (1.) In Shakespeare's .l/cfl.5!(re for Measure, the duke's hypocritical deputy. The duke frustrates his evil designs, compelling him to give up Isabella and marry Mariana, whom he has deserted. (2.) A character in Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors.

ANGELO, TvRAN de Padoie. A drama in prose by ^ictor Hugo, produced by the Com^die Frangaise, April 28, 1835. It was produced later in London (translated by G. H. Davidson) as Angelo and the Actress of Padua. The period of the action is the sixteenth century.

ANGEL OF THE CHURCH. The term applied in Revelation to each of the recipients of the Saviour's messages to the Seven Churches of Asia. It is perhaps best to understand it as meaning the presiding officer of the Church, who would naturally lie the one to whom a message would be sent, and who may fairly be considered re|)resentative of the churches (cf. Rev. i. 20). Sec Churches or Asia, the Seven.

AN'GELUS, The. A well-known painting by .1. F. Millet (1859). It represents two French jjeasants stopped in their field work for a moment of prayer at dusk by the Angelus bell, which the artist has suggested by the church spire in the distance. It was sold by the artist for a small sum, but in 1889 was bought by the Anier- icaii Art Association for more than 580,000 francs, and exhibited in this country. The next year M. Chauchard bought it for $150,000 ; it is understood that it will ultimately find a j^lace in the Louvre.

ANGELUS BELL, The. A bell rung in all Catholic countries morning, noon, and night to invite the faithful to the recitation of the angelic salutation. Formerly the hours for the ringing of the Angelus were at sunrise, noon, and sunset, but it is now more generally heard at the ap- pointed hours of noon, and six o'clock both morn- ing and evening. The bell receives its name from the title given the prayer recited at this time, Angelus Domini, also called Ave Maria (q.v.).

ANGELUS DOM'INI ( Lat. The Angel of the Lord). The name of a brief prayer repeated by Roman Catholics nt the sound of the Angelus bell, at sunrise, noon, and sunset.

ANGELUS SILE'SIUS, Johann Scheffler (1024-77). A German poet. He was born in Breslau, studied medicine at Strassburg and Padua, and in 1053 entered the Catholic Church. In 1601 he joined the Minorites and was or- dained priest. His earlier writings include a number of pronouncedly mystical poems, such as the Cherubinisclicr ]yandrrsm(nin (1057), a profound and pantheistic description of the way to God. Subsequently he became a fanatical controversialist. He wrote some stirring hymns, of which many found their way into Protestant hymnals. There is an edition of his works, by Rosenthal, in two volumes (1802). Consult also: Schrader, Angelus Silesius und seine Mystik (1853) ; Kahlert, Angelus Silesius: Eine litterar- historische Inlersiichung (1853) : and the biog- raphy by C. Seltmann (Breslau, 1890).

ANGELY, iiN'zh'Ie', Louis (c. 1788-1835). A German actor and dramatist. He was born in Berlin, and began his career as an actor early in life. He was at first a comedian at the German theatre at St. Petersburg, and in 1828 went to Berlin, where for two years he was an actor, and afterward skillfully adapted French plays to German conditions. Among his best productions are Paris in Pommern, Die Hasen in dcr Hasenhcide, Wohnungen zu vermieten, Sieben MSdchen in Uniform (very successful). Von Sieben die Htisslichste, and Das Fest der Handwerker. His