Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/630

ANDREW. the visit of the Greeks, with Philip, he told Jesus of the Greeks' desire to see him (John xii : 22), and in the questions put to Jesus by some of his disciples regarding the last things, with Peter, James, and John, he asked him privately: "Tell us when shall these things be?" (Mark xii: 3). There is no mention of him in the Acts of the Apostles. Subsequent tradition regarding his preaching in Scythia. Northern Greece, and Epirus, and suffering martyrdom on a cross shaped like the letter X about 70 A.D. is worth- less. See Apostle.s.

ANDREW I. King of Hungary from 1046 to 1001, and cousin of St. Stephen, the apostle of Christianity in Hungary. He represented the party in opposition to German influence and the spread of Christianity. Andrew fouglit with varying fortunes against Henry III. of Germany, and" against his own brother, Bela, whom he had exiled^ He was finally defeated by his Polish and Hungarian opponents.

ANDREW II. (1176-1236).. A king of Hungary who ascended the throne in 1205, after a civil war with his nephew. Ladislas III. In 1217 he conducted an unsuccessful crusade against the Moslem powers. In 1222 he granted the Golden Bull, called the Magna Charta of Hungary, which defined and confirmed the rights and titles of the bishops and nobles whose revolts had disturbed his reign. See.

ANDREW III. (?—1301). The last Hun- garian King of the Aipad family, grandson of Andrew II. He was born in Venice, while his father was in exile, and succeeded Ladislas IV. in 121)0. He had to defend his crown against the pretensions of Rudolph of Hapsburg and Pope Nicholas IV., both being claimants, and also against a son of the Iving of Naples, who claimed to be of the house of Arpad through his mother. Andrew made some efforts to develop trade, but his reign was brief and disturbed by rebellion.

ANDREW, (1794-1871). A Methodist bishop. He was born in Wilkes Co., Ga., May 3, 1794, became (1816) an itinerant Methodist Episcopal preacher of South Carolina Conference, until consecrated bishoj) at Philadel- phia in May, 1832. On his relations to slav- ery began the first territorial cleavage of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch. His second wife, whom he married in 1844, was a slave- holder, and in the general conference of 1844 it was declared that "this would greatly emb.ir- rass the exercise of his olhce as an itinerant gen- eral superintendent, if not in some places entirely prevent it," and it was resolved "that it is the sense of this general conference that he should desist from the exercise of this oflice so long as this impediment remains." The Southern dele- gates protested that the action was extra-judicial and unconstitutional, and the difficulty was fi- nally settled bv dividing the churches and prop- erty' a Church 'being formed called the IMethodist Ep'iscopal Church, South. Bishop Andrew ad- hered to the South, and continued his episcopal work until 1868, retiring then from age. He died in Mobile, Ala., March 1, 1871.

ANDREW, ( 1818-67). An American statesman, "war Governor" of Massachusetts. He was born in Windham. Me., graduated at Bowdoin in 1837, was admitted to the Boston bar in 1840, practiced there twenty years, and took a prominent part in the cases which arose under the Fugitive Slave Law. In 1858 he was a member of the Legislature, and in 1860 was a delegate in the Republican National Conven- tion, and was himself elected Governor of Massa- chusetts by tlie largest popular majority ever given to a candidate. He foresaw the danger of civil war and took immediate steps to perfect the organization of the militia of his State. Witliin a week after the first call for troops he sent for- ward five infantry regiments, a battalion of rifle- men, and a battery of artillerj'. In 1861. and yearly until he insisted on retiring in 1866, he was "reelected Governor, and was probably tlie most efticient of all the "war Governors," continu- ally- organizing militia companies, and lending aid in every possible way to the Administration. He was at the conference of loyal Governors at Altoona, Pa., in September, 1862, and wrote the address presented by them to the President. He obtained permission from the Secretary of War in January, 1863, to organize colored troo])s, raised the first colored regiment ( the Fif- ty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry) which par- ticipated in the war, and sent it to the front early in May. After the war he contended for a policy of conciliation, and vigorously opposed all meas- ures likely to humiliate the South. In religion he was Unitarian, and presided at the first na- tional convention of that denomination in 186."). He declined the presidency of Antioch (Ohio) College, which was offered to him in 1866. After that time he continued the practice of law in Boston. Consult Chandler, Memoir, With Per- sonal Reminiscences (Boston, 1880).

ANDREW, ST., or. See .

ANDREW, ST.,. The most distinguished order in the Russian Empire. It was founded on December 10 (N. S.), 1698. by Peter the Great, and membership in it is confined to members of the imperial family, princes, generals-in-chief, and those of similarly high rank. Grand dukes become Knights of St. Andrew at baptism, and other imperial princes upon obtaining their majority. Membership in St. Andrew's carries with it rights to the important orders of St. .Vnno, Alexander Nevski, and St. Stanislaus. The badge of the order of St. An- drew is a double spread eagle surmounted by the Russian crown. On the obverse of the med.il is an enameled cross upon which is borne the fig- ure of St. Andrew, and at the four corners of the cross are the letters S. A. P. R. {Satictus Andreas Palronus lliissifF). On the reverse of the badge is the inscription (in Russian) "For Faith and Loyalty." See Orders.

ANDREWES, (1555-1626). An eminent English prelate. He was born in London, September 25, 1555, and educated successively at the Coopers' Free Grammar School, Ratcliffe. Merchant Taylors' School, London, and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, of which college, after having greatly distinguished himself by his industry and acquirements, he was in 1576 elected a fellow. On taking orders, 1580, he accompanied the Earl of Huntingdon to the North of England. His talents attracted the notice of Walsingham. Queen Elizabeth's Secretary of State, who appointed him successively, in 1589, to the vicarage of St. Giles, Cripplegate, a prebendary and canon residentiary of St. Paul's, a preliendary of the Collegiate' Church of Southwell, and master of Pembroke Hall. The Queen next testi-