Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/619

ANDERSON. land (1870), Manual of General History, The United States Reader, and A History of Franee.

ANDERSON, (1805-78). An American capitalist and philanthropist, a brother of Major Anderson of Fort Sumter fame. He was born at the "Soldiers' Retreat," near Louisville, Ky., and was educated at Harvard College. He was one of the most distinguished citizens of Cincinnati in his day, being widely celebrated for his piililio enterprise and numerous charities.

ANDERSON, Martin Brewhk ( 181.5-'.tO). An American educator. He was born at JJrunswick, Me., graduated at Waterville College, now Colby University, in 1840, was tutor of Latin for two years, and for seven years professor of rhetoric in the same institution. In 1850 he be- came editor of the New York It'ccorder, a weekly Baptist paper. In 1853 he was called to the presidency of the University of Rochester, where he remained until 18SS. In 1868 he declined the presidency of Brown University. He was a vig- orous and popular preacher, though never or- dained to the ministi'y. Selections from his numerous Papers and Addresses were published in two'volumes in 1895.

ANDERSON, (1859—). An American actress, born at Sacramento, Cal. Her father. General Anderson, was killed in the Civil War, while serving on the Confederate side. Her mother married Dr. Hamilton Griliin, and removed with him to Louisville, Ky. She was educated at the Ursuline Convent and the Acad- emy of the Presentation Nuns in Louisville, and at the age of thirteen began to study for the stage under Charlotte Cushnian. She made her d^but in the character of Juliet at Louisville, November 27, 1875, with such success that she was engaged for other roles. In 1876 she traveled through the West, and in the .season of 1877- 78 appeared in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. In 1884-85 she played at the Lyceum Theatre, London, and in the character of Rosalind, in As You Like It, opened the Memorial Theatre at Stratford-on-Avon. From 1885 to 1880 she played in Great Britain, her chief parts being .Juliet, Bianca in Fazio, Julia in The Ilunehbach; Evadne. Meg Merrilies, Pauline, Galatea, Clarice, in Comedy and Tragedy; Parthenia. Rosalind, and Perdita, in A Winter's Tale, in which she achieved her greatest success. Illness in 1889 compelled her to retire from the stage. In 1890 she married Antonio Navarro de Viana, of New Y'ork, and soon decided not to return to the stage.

ANDERSON, Rasmus Bjorn, LL.D. (1846 — ). An American .scholar and author. He was born at Albion, Wis., graduated in 1866 at Luther College (Decorah, la.), and in 1869 at the University of Wisconsin, where from 1875 to 188.3 he was professor of Scandinavian languages and literature. From 1885 to 1889 he was United States minister to Denmark. In 1898 he became editor at Madison. Wis., of Amerika. a Norwegian journal. His publications include The Scandinavian Lnnynni/es (1873), America Not Discovered by Columhus (1874), Vikiny Tales of the Xorth (1877), and translations of Brande^'s Eminent Authors in the nineteenth Century, and of the works of Bjiirnson (7 volumes).

ANDERSON, Richard Hkxry (1821-79). A Confederate soldier. He was born in South Caro- lina, graduated from West Point in 1842, and served as second lieutenant in the Mexican War. He took part in the .southern line of operations, and became first lieutenant in 1848 and captain in 1855. He resigned from the regular army (May, 1861), became a Confederate brigadier, assisted in the bombardment of Fort Sumter, and served with great gallantry throughout the war, distinguishing hini.self especially at Fair Oaks. Gaines's Mill, Frazicr's Farm, Bull Run, and Gettysburg, where he conuuandcd a division. He rose to the rank of major-general (August, 1862), and of lieutenant-general (May, 1804). In the final campaign he commanded the fourth corps of tJcncral Lee's army.

ANDERSON, (180.5-71). An American soldier. He was born near Louisville, Ky., and graduated at West Point in 1825, and served in the Black Hawk War of 1832 as colonel of the Illinois volunteers. He was instructor of artillery practice at West Point, 1835-37; served in the second Seminole War, 1837-38, and in 1838 was brevetted captain and became assistant adjutant-general on General Scott's stall'. He took part in the Mexican War, and was severely wounded at Molino del Rcy. In November. 1860, he took command in Charleston harbor, and was for fifteen weeks confined to Fort Sumter by the Confederates. On April 14th, after a bombardment of 36 hours, he was compelled to evacuate the fort. (See Fort Sumter.) He was appointed brigadier-general in the United States Army in May, 1861, and sent to command the Department of the Cumberland ; but, owing to the failure of his health, he was relieved from active duty in October, 1861, and was retired from the service in October, 1863. In 1865 he was brevetted major-general. He translated and adapted from the French Inirtructions for Field Artillery (1840) and Erolufious of Field Batteries (1860). He died in France.

ANDERSON, Robert (17.50-1830). A Scotch editor and biographer of the English poets. He was born at Carnwath, Lanarkshire; studied the- ology and afterward medicine in the University of Edinburgh, and became a physician, but soon after his marriage ceased practicing, and from that time devoted himself to literature. His most important work was the compilation of A Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain (14 volumes, 1792-1807). He edited the Edin- burgh Magazine, and in that capacity became the friend of many young writers, notably Thomas Campbell, who dedicated his first volume of verses to him. Consult Beattie, Life and Let- ters of Campbell (1849).

ANDERSON,, D.D., LL.D. (1796-1880). Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was graduated at Bowdoin College (1818) and Andover Theological Seminary (1822), and after acting as assistant (1822-1832), became full secretary, and so continued until 1866, when he retired. He was lecturer on Foreign Missions in Andover Theological Seminary 1867-69. He was one of the great missionary secretaries, and historian of the American Board (1872-74, 3 volumes.) He inspected the Board's stations, and has left the memorial in his Observations Upon the Peloponnesus and Greek fslands (1830), A Heathen Nation (the Hawaiians) Civilized (1870), and in the history mentioned above. He died in Boston, May 30, 1880.