Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/589

ANALYTIC JUDGMENT. synthetic judgments is open to serious objec- tions, if the distinction is to be made absolute. Concepts (q.v. ) vary from mind to mind, and even in the same mind from time to time. To the laboratory chemist, perhaps tlie most essen- tial mark in the concept water is expressed in the formula H,0; i.e., water is conceived to be a chemical union of oxygen and hydrogen in definite proportions. But the non-scientific man may have a clear idea of what he means by water and can perhaps define his concept. Tn such a case the definition would not include any reference to oxygen and liydrogen. Thus, the judgment that water is a certain chemical combination of oxygen and hydrogen, while an analytic judgment for the chemist, may be a synthetic judgment for the person who has not yet studied chemistry. This shows that concepts are not necessarily fixed, but may be capable of growing and changing. Analysis and synthesis in logic are concomitant aspects of the same operation; every analytic judgment may be viewed as at the same time synthetic, and every synthetic judgment as at the same time analytic. Consult: E. Caird, The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, 2 volumes (New York and London, 1889). See also bibliography under Analysis.

AN'ALYT'IC LAN'GUAGES. See.

AN'ALY'ZER. That part of a polariscope (q.v.) which is used for examining light after it has been polarized. (See Light.) It may be a movable mirror, a plate of tourmaline, a doubly refracting crystal, or a Nicol prism. The latter is most frequently employed for this purpose.

ANAM'. See.

ANAM'ESITE. See.

ANAMIRTA, an'a-mlr'ta. See CoccuLUS Ikdicus.

ANAMMELECH, a-nSm'e-lek. A god worshiped by the inhabitants of Sepharvaim, who were deported to Samaria (IL Kings xvii : 31). This city is probably identical with Shabarain, or Sibra'im. near Damascus: and the deity may be Anath. the Syrian goddess, rather than Anu.

AN'AMO'SA. A city and county seat of .Tones Co.. la.. 5.'i miles southwest of Dubuque, on the yapsipinicon and Buffalo rivers, and on tiie Chicago and Northwestern and the Chiclgo, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads (Map: Iowa, F 2). It is the seat of a State penitentiary. The adjacent country is largely agricultural, and contains quarries of building stone, in which the city has a considerable trade. The indus- trial establishments include flour mills, grain elevators, foundry, carriage, and wagon works, etc. Pop., 1890, 2078; 1900, 2891.

ANA'NAS. See.

AN'ANI'AS (Gk. 'AraWac). (1) One of the members of the young Church at Jerusalem who conspired with his wife, Sapphira, to make a false pretense respecting their gift of property to the community of the brethren, and was, with his wife, struck dead (Acts v: 1-11). (2) A disciple at Damascus (Acts ix : 10-17; xxii : 12) mentioned in connection with SauPs experience in that place. (3) A high priest at Jerusalem (Acts xxiii : 2; xxiv : 1) mentioned in connec- tion with Paul before the Sanhedrin and at Caesarea.

ANANIEV, or ANANYEV, a-nUn'ySf. A town in the government of Kherson, Russia, about 220 miles northwest of Kherson, on the banks of the Tiligula (Map: Russia, C 5). Very little manufacturing is carried on, but there is some trade in agricultural products. It has a mi-xed population of Russians, Jews, and Ru- mans, numbering in all about 17,000 in 1897, as against 14,200 in 1885. Ananiev w-as annexed to Russia in 1792.

ANAPA, a-nii'pik. A small seaport on the Black Sea, in the Kuban territory, Russia (Map: Russia, E 6). An old rampart, now serving as a promenade, is a feature of the town. A trade in grain and fish is carried on. Popu- lation, about 7600. Founded as a fortress in 1771. Anapa was repeatedly attacked by the Russians in their wars with Turkey. It be- came Russian in 1829. In 1854, at the ap- proach of the allied fleet, Russia evacuated it, after destroying its fortifications.

AN'APÆST (Gk. dniTroto-Tos, anapaistos, struck back, i.e., a dactyl [q.v.] reversed, from avd, ana, back -|- TaUiv, paiein, to strike). Tlie name of a measure, or foot, in Greek verse, con- sisting of two short syllables and one long syl- lable ; thus ^^ —. It has been called the march- ing rhythm, as the language of the chorus in Greek tragedy fell into anapaests on entering or leaving the orchestra. It was also the prevailing measure in the parabasis of Aristophanic com- edy. By analogy, the name is also employed to designate in modern verse a tri.syllabic measure of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable; for example: "/ am mon | arch of all I siirrei/." See Versification.

ANAPHRODISIACS, rm-af'r6diz1-aks (Gk. dv, an, priv. -j- d(ppodi<naK6!, aphrodisiakos, pertaining to Aphrodite, goddess of love) . Substances used to lessen the sexual desire. In the first place, all causes of genital irritation should be removed. Careful cleansing should be insisted on. and in many cases circumcision is needed. Saccharine or highly acid urine should be corrected. Distention of the bladder should be avoided if possible. Vesical calculus, worms, hemorrhoids, and anal fissure may all act as causes of sexual excitement, and should be treated if present. Other rarer lesions in this neighborhood may cause it. Constipation should be relieved. The clothing, especially at night, should not be too warm. The bed should be hard. The diet should be restricted in amount, and ehieflyvegetable; while spices and stimulants of all kinds should be avoided. Hard mental work and abundant exercise, especially with the arms, are strongly indicated. Ice, applied locally, and cold baths, local or general, are very potent in alla.ying sexual excitement for the time. Besides these measures, some drugs are of value. The best are probably the bromides. They should be given in full doses, and if necessary pushed to the physiological limit. Next to these comes camphor, which should be used in the same way. The nauseants are valuable temporary expedients, but cannot be used in a prolonged treatment. It must be remembered that nymphomania and satyriasis are due to cerebral conditions, and occur during attacks of insanity or during delirium produced by alcohol and other drugs.