Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/579

ANACLETUS. powerful Roman Jewish family, studied in Paris, became cardinal in 1116, was chosen Pope in 1130 by a faction of cardinals opposed to Innocent II., and was sustained by the Roman and some other States. He maintained himself at Rome against the arms of Lothaire, the opposition of other kings, and the clergy in general. He died January 25, 1138.

AN'ACOLU'THON (C4k. hv, an. priv.-f dodPlou. dii(, ukolouthos, following, attending). A term employed both in grammar and in rhetoric to denote the absence of strict logical sequence in the grammatical construction. In colloquial speech, nothing is more common than anacolu- thon: but careful writers shun it. The follow- ing from Disraeli illustrates the term: "Lost in profound reverie, the hours flew on."

AN'ACON'DA (Origin unknown; possibly native name). Any large crushing snake, a boa. More especially the great South American water- boa (Eunectes murinus), called in Brazil Suc- uriu, which is closely allied to the boa con- strictor, and is sometimes 30 feet long. Its nos- trils are capable of being closed while in the water. It haunts the banks of streams in Guiana and Brazil, where it preys on the animals that live in the water or come to the banks to drink. When on land it is rather helpless. It is rich brown, beautifully decorated by a double series of dorsal blotches and with irregular ring-spots along the sides. Consult Molls and Ulrieh, Proceedings Zoölogical Society of London (1894). See Boa, and plate of Boas.

ANACONDA. A city and county seat of Deer Lodge Co., Mont., 27 miles west by north of Butte, on the Northern Pacific, the Great North- ern, and the Butte, Anaconda and Pacific rail- roads (Map: Montana, C 2). It has parks, driv- ing park grounds, the Hearst Free Library of about 5500 volumes, and two commodious opera houses. Deposits of graphite and sapphires are found in the vicinity, and the city is noted for its great copper-smelting works, which are among the largest in the world, having a daily capacity of some 5500 tons of ore. Railroad shops, foundries, machine shops, and brick works further represent the industrial interests. Founded in 1884, when the reduction works were established. Anaconda has developed with the copper industry. Pop., 1890, 3975; 1900, 9453.

ANA'CREON (Gk. Ἀνακρέων, Anakreon) (561-476 B.C.). One of the most esteemed lyric poets of Greece. He was born at Teos, a seaport of Ionia, and spent part of his youth in Abdera, to which place most of his fellow-townsmen emigrated when their city was taken by the Persians in 545 B.C. He was patronized by Polycrates, the ruler of Samos (533-522), who invited him to his court; and there he sang in light and flowing strains the praise of wine and love. After the death of Polycrates, he went to Athens (521 B.C.) and was received with distinguished honor by Hipparchus. After the fall of Hipparchus, he accepted an invitation from Echecrates, a Thessalian prince, to make his home with him. He died in 476 B.C., at the age of eighty-five. Great honors were paid to him after his death. Teos put his likeness upon its coins, and Pausanias saw a statue to him on the Acropolis of Athens, which represented him in a half-drunken condition. The Alexandrians knew five books of his poems; but we have only two poems complete, and a few scanty fragments. The collection of poems known as Anacreontics are weak imitations of his work, dating from the Alexandrine period to late Byzantine times. The genuine fragments are published in Bergk's Poetæ Lyrici Græci (fifth edition Volume III., Leipzig, 1900). They have been paraphrased in English by Thomas Moore.

AN'ACYC'LUS. See.

ANADIR, li'nd-dir', or. A sea or large gulf of northeastern Asia, constituting the northwestern part of Bering Sea (Map: Asia, Siberia, R 2). It is about 480 miles in circumference and about 250 miles wide. It is frequented by whalers.

ANADIR. A river in the extreme northeast of Siberia, rising in the mountain-lake Ivash- kino, and flowing, first in a southwesterly, and then in an easterly, direction, mostly through rocky, snowy regions, for a distance of about 300 miles, and emptying itself into the gulf of the same name, in lat. 64° 40' N. It drains an area of about 115,000 square miles. Its principal tribu- taries are the Mayin, the Bielaya, and the Kras- naya. Consult Krahmer, "Der Anadyr-Bezirk nach A. W. Olssufjew," in Volume XLV. Peter- mann's Mitteilungen. (Gotha, 1879).

AN'ADYOM'ENE (Gk. avaSvo/iivTi, from avttdmaai, anadycsthai, to rise). A name ap- plied to Aphrodite emerging from the sea. The ancients used the word to denote a celebrated painting by Apelles (q.v.), representing the god- dess at this moment. It was painted for the tem- ple of Asclepius on the island of Cos. Augustus bought it for a hundred talents of remitted taxes, and placed it in the temple of Julius Cæsar. It is frequently mentioned in the Greek Anthology, but the allusions do not furnish the data for accurate reconstruction of the painting. The name is frequently applied to similar repre- sentations of Aphrodite rising from the waves or standing in a shell and wringing the water from her hair.

ANADYR, ii'na-dir'. See.

ANÆ'MIA (Gk. ἀν, an, priv. + αἷμα, haima, blood). The condition generally termed poverty of blood. In medicine two distinct kinds of anæmia are recognized — primary and ''secondary. Primary anæmia, or pernicious anæmia,'' is a rare, generally fatal disease of the blood-making organs, notably either of the spleen, the marrow of the long bones, or of the lymph glands. Its cause is unknown. The chief changes consist in a marked reduction of the number of the red-blood cells, a diminution in the percentage of the hæmoglobin, and changes in the heart, liver, and blood-making organs. There is usually great pallor, shortness of breath, weakness, and palpitation of the heart. Secondary anæmia is a symptom found in many diseases and conditions, as malaria, hemorrhage, jaundice, poisoning by lead, mercury, copper, or arsenic: further, it may be due to improper food, insufficient sunlight, or animal parasites; or, finally, it may occur during Bright's disease (q.v.), diabetes (q.v.), or cancer. The symptoms are similar but less severe. The curative treatment of the secondary anæmias consists in allowing the patient fresh air, good nourishment, and those materials which promote the formation of the deficient elements of the blood. Of these the principal are iron and arsenic. See.

AN'ÆSTHE'SIA ( Gk. ἀν, an, priv. + αἴσθησις,