Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/545

AMES. he became Dean of the Harvard Law School. He has published various articles in the Harvard Law Review an

AMES, (1689-1759). An English antiquary and bibliographer, born at Yarmouth. He was in some sort of mercantile pursuit, and in addition to various other compilations published the Typographical Antiquities (1749), regarded as forming the foundation of English bibliography.

 AMES, Joseph (1816-1872). An American portrait painter. He was born in Roxbury, N. H., and studied at Rome, Italy, where he painted a line picture of Pope Pius IX. On hi return to America he lived successively at Boston, Baltimore, and New York, where he was elected a member of the National Academy of Design in 1870. His best portraits are those of Emerson. Rachel, Ristori, Clarence H. Seward, Webster, Clioate, and President Felton of Harvard. Among the paintings treating of ideal subjects, that entitled "The Death of Webster" is generally considered the best.

 AMES, (1864—). An American physicist and educator, born at Manchester. Vt. He graduated in 1S86 at the Johns Hopkins University, and became professor of physics there. He was elected an honorary member of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, has edited (New York, 189S) J. von Fraunhofer's memoirs on Prismatic and Diffractive Spectra, and has published The Theory of Physics (1897), Elements of Physics (1900). and The Induction, of Electric Currents (2 volumes, 1900).

 AMES, (1839-84). An American author, best known by her "Woman's Letter from Wasliington," contributed for many years to tile New York Independent. She was born at Utica, New York, and at an early age married the Rev. Daniel Ames, from whom she was divorced in 1874. In later life she removed to Washington, where her home was a literary and social centre, and in 1883 she married Edmund Hudson, editor of the Army and Navy Register. Her works include Eirene, a novel (1870), Ten Years in Washington (1871), and Memorials of Alice and Phrebe Cary (1872), of whom she had been an intimate friend. Her complete works were published at Boston, 4 volumes (1885). Consult Hudson, Memorial Biography of Mary C. Antes (Boston, 1886).

 AMES, (1803-47). An American manufacturer of firearms, ordnance, and cutlery. In early life he owned extensive cutlery works at Chicopee Falls, Mass., but afterward removed to Cabotsville. The works were supplemented in 1836 by a bronze foundry, where most of the brass guns for the United States Army were cast. There also the statues of DeWitt Clinton, in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn ; of Washington, in Union Square, New York; and of Franklin, in School Street, Boston, were cast.

 AMES, (1804-1873). An American manufacturer and legislator. He was born at Easton, Mass., and at an early age entered his father's workshop, where he soon familiarized

himself with every detail of the shovel business, which, upon the discovery of gold in California and the impetus thereby given to railroad building, soon became a most important industry. In 1864, after others had failed, he was called upon by President Lincoln and others to build the Union Pacific Railroad, which great undertaking he successfully completed on May 10, 1869. He had invested .$1,000,000 in the enterprise, and had pledged the remainder of his fortune for the same purpose. He was censured by the Forty-second Congress for participation in the Credit Mobilier scheme, but afterward was vindicated in a resolution passed by the Massachusetts Legislature (May 10, 1883). From 1862 to 1873 he was a member of Congress from the second Massachusetts district. His will contained a bequest of $50,000 to children of North Easton, Mass. A fine monument in his memory was erected by the Union Pacific Railroad at Sherman, Wyoming, 8550 feet above the sea level—the highest point reached by the railroad.

 AMES, (1831-95). The thirty-first governor of Massachusetts, a son of (q.v.). He was trained in his father's manufactory, and upon his death undertook the discharge of the numerous financial obligations incurred by the building of the Union Pacific Railroad and other enterprises, paying within a few years debts aggregating millions of dollars. In 1882 he was chosen Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, serving for four successive terms, and in 1886 was elected Governor, to which office he was reelected in 1887 and 1888.

<section end="Ames, Oliver" /> <section begin="Ames, William" />AMES, (1576-1633). An English Puritan clergyman and writer on moral philosophy, born in the county of Norfolk. He studied at Christ College, Cambridge, and was professor of theology in the University of Franeker, Friesland, from 1622 to 1632. His best-known work is De Conscientia, eius Iure et Casibus (1632). long highly esteemed in the schools.

<section end="Ames, William" /> <section begin="Amesbury" />AMESBURY,. A town in Essex Co., Mass., on the Boston and Maine Railroad, 42 miles northeast of Boston (Map:, F 2). It has a public library of 7500 volumes, and extensive manufactures of carriages, carriage manufacturers' supplies, hats, shoes, cotton goods, and underwear. The government is administered by town meetings, held annually. Originally a part of Salisbury, Amesbury was virtually separated as New Salisbury in 1654, and was incorporated in 1606, and named (from Amesbury, England) in 1607. (q.v.) lived here from 1836 until his death in 1892. Pop., 1890, 9798; 1900, 9473. Consult: J. Merrill, History of Amesbury (Haverhill, 1880).

<section end="Amesbury" /> <section begin="Amethyst" />AM'ETHYST (Gk., amethytos, a remedy against drunkenness, from , a, priv. + , methy, wine). A violet blue or bluish violet variety of quartz, the color of which is believed to be due to manganese oxide. It is one of the most esteemed varieties of quartz, and is much employed for seals, rings, and other articles of jewelry. The ancients imagined it to possess the property of preventing drunkenness, and those addicted to that habit wore it on their persons. Amethyst frequently occurs lining the interior of balls or geodes of agate, and in veins and cavities in various rocks. The finest specimens are from Scotland, Siberia, India, and<section end="Amethyst" />