Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/438

ALLEN. he became his father's successor in the pulpit in Pittsfield. In 1817 he was elected president of Dartmouth College, and from 1820 to 1830 he was president of Bowdoiii College. Allen's me- moir was published in 1847. ALLEN, William (1806-79). An American statesman. He was born in North Carolina, but at an early age went to Ohio, where he practiced law. He was elected to Congress in 1832 by the Democrats, but was defeated on a second trial. He was twice elected to the United States Senate, and served from 1837 to 1849. In 1848 he was offered the nomination for President, but de- clined it on the ground that he was pledged to General Lewis Cass. In 1873 he was elected Gov- ernor of Ohio. Two years afterward lie was a candidate for reelection, but as he made his can- vas on the greenback issue, of which cause he had become the foremost advocate, he was de- feated by R. B. Hayes. He is said to be the au- thor of the famous alliterative slogan of the campaign of 1844, '"Fifty-four forty, or fight." ALLEN, William Francis (1830-89). An American educator and historian, joint editor of Allen and Greenough's series of school books. He was born at Northborough, Mass., and graduated at Harvard in 1851. He studied history and an- tiquities in Germany and Italy for two years, and afterward became professor of Latin and Ro- man history at the University of Wisconsin, a position which he filled from 18(i7 until his death. In addition to his text books, he published many works of standard merit, including Outline Stud- ies in the History of Ireland ( 1887). ALLEN. William Henry (1784-1813). An American naval officer. He was born in Provi- dence, R. I., and entered the navy in 1800. He was a lieutenant on tlie frigate United States in the action with the Macedonian, October 2.5, 1812, in which the latter was captured. Afterward he commanded the brig Argus, cruising off England in 1813. After having captured $2,000,000 worth of property, he encountered the British brig Pel- ican, August 14, and lost his own vessel, and died the next day of wounds received in the fight.  ALLEN, William Henry, LL.D. (1808-82). An American educator. He was born at Man- chester, Me., and graduated at Bowdoin College in 1833. He was profesor of Latin and Greek at Cazenovia (N. Y.) Seminary from 1833 to 183G: of natural philosophy and chemistry in Dickin- son College, 183<!-40; of philosophy and English literature there from 1840 to 1849; president of Girard College, Philadelphia, 1849-62 and 1807- 82. In 1872 he was chosen president of the Amer- ican Bible Society. ALLEN, Z.cnARiAir (179.5-1882). An Amer- ican scientist and inventor. He was born in Providence, R. I., graduated at Brown LTniversity in 1S13, studied law in the office of James Burrili, and was admitted to the bar in 1815. Subse- quently he became a manufacturer, and in 1825 visited Europe for the study of mechanical meth- ods in England, Holland, and France. He con- structed (1821) the first hot-air furnace for the heating of dwelling-houses, was the first to cal- culate the motive power of Niagara Falls {Silli- nian's Journal, April. 1844), devised the system of mutual insurance of mill property, and framed new laws for regulating the sale of explosive oils. In 1833 he patented his best-known invention, the automatic cut-off valve for steam engines, still in use with improvements. He was from a member, and from ISSO president, of the Rhode Island Historical Society. His publications include The Science of Mechanics (1829), Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature (1851), The Rhode Island System of Treatment of the Indintfj, and of Establishing Civil and Religious Liberty (1876; address at the bi-centennial anni- versary of the burning of Providence), and Solar Light and Heat, the Source and Supply (1879). Consult Perrv. Monorial of Zachariah Allen, l'i93-lSS2 (Cambridge, 18S3). ALLENDE, a-yan'dfl, or SAN MIGUEL DE ALLENDE. An historic city in the eastern part of the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, situated on the Lara River, 40 miles nortli of Celaya (Map: Mexico, H 3). It figured prominently in the first period of the revolution against Spain, taking its modern name from one of the great patriot leaders, Ignacio de Allende. The town's principal industries are blanket-making and the manufacture of liorse equipments. Pop., 15,000.  AL'LENITES. See Allen, Henry. ALLENSTEIN, iil'len-stln. A town of East Prussia, capital of the circle of Allenstein, situ- ated about 32 miles from the Russian frontier, on the river Alle (Map: Prussia, J 2). It is a well-built and neat-looking town, with several churches, a gymnasium, and an agricultural school, a hospital, gas works, and a number of markets ; of industrial establishments it has saw mills, machine shops, breweries, and a match factory. Pop. 1895, ,21,579; 1900,24.207. AL'LENTO’WN. A city and the county seat of Lehigh County, Pa.. 00 miles northwest of Philadelphia, on the Lehigh River, and on the Lehigh Valley, Central of New Jersey, and Phil- adelphia and Reading railroads (Map: Pennsyl- vania, F 3 ). It is one of the largest producers of furniture in the United States, is second to Paterson in the production of American silks, and has extensive manufactures of iron and steel, cement, cigars, and thread. The city owns and operates its water works, and has a fine hospital ; it is the seat of Muhlenberg College (Lutheran), established 1867, and of the Allentown College for Women. Allentown was laid out about 1752 bj' William Allen, then Chief Justice of Pennsyl- vania, and was known by its present name until, in 1811, it became the seat of justice of Lehigh County, and was incorporated as the borough of Northampton. In 1838 its first name was re- stored, and in 1867 Allentown was incorporated by special charter. Lender the charter of 1889, now in operation, the ma_yor is elected for three j'ears, and the city council is composed of two bodies, an upper house of 11 members and a low- er house of 22. The annual income of the city amounts to about $450,000; expenditures to $300,000, of which $105,000 is spent in construc- tion and other capital outlay, and $255,000 in maintenance and operation. The principal items of expense include $10,000 for tlie police depart- ment, $15,000 for the fire department, and $95,- 000 for schools. Pop. 1890. 25.228; 1900, 35,- 416. See Matthews and Hungerford, History of the Counties of Lehiqh and Carbon (Philadel- phia, 1884). ALLEP'PI, or ALLAPPALI. A seaport on the western coast of the native State of Travancore. in the southern part of Madras, British India (Map: India, C 7). It has a sheltered roadstead, and carries on a considerable trade in coffee, pepper, and cardamoms. By means of