Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/430

ALLANTOIN. dissolving readily in hot water or alfoliol. and in solutions of alkaline carbonates. It may be obtained from the urine of calves by evaporating and letting stand, at ordinary temperatures, until the substance crystallizes out. Chemically, allantoin is the di-ureide of glyoxylie acid. It is one of the most important products of the oxidation of uric acid (allantoin is found in urine after uric acid has been taken internally), and, on the other hand, it may be readily made from urea by prolonged heating with glyoxylie acid. When luic acid is oxidized with potas- sium permanganate, allantoin is formed, accord- ing to the following chemical equation; NH— C— NH CO -NH/ + O + H,0= NH— CO Uric acid NH- I NH— CO NH, CH— NH CO -f CO, Allantoin Allantoin was first discovered in 1790 by Vauquelin. See Uric Acid.

ALLAN'TOÏS (Gk. a'AAdc, alias, a sausage, and f W(jf, eidos, shape ) . A delicate membra- nous bag, which makes its appearance in the eggs of birds during incubation, and is a provision chiefly for the aeration of the blood of the embryo or chick. It sprouts from the lower part of the intestine of the chick, and rapidly enlarges, so as almost completely to inclose it, lining nearly the whole extent of the membrana putaminis — the double membrane which is imme- diately within the egg-shell. It is covered with a network of arteries and veins, corresponding to the umbilical artery and vein of mammalia ; and the aeration of the blood is accomplished by the air which enters through the pores of the shell : but as the lungs become capable of their function, the circulation in the allantois dimin- ishes, and its footstalk contracts, and at last divides, leaving only a ligamentous remnant. The allantois is never developed in the eggs of fishes and amphibians, hence these are called anallantoid vertebrates ; while reptiles, birds, and mammalia, in which it is present, are called allantoid. In the mammalia, it is superseded at an early period of fcetal life by other contri- vances, but continues to exist in the lower ani- mals for receiving the urinary secretion through the nrachus, a purpose which it serves in birds and reptiles likewise. In the human species, it disappears very early, only a minute vesicle remaining. See EMiiiiyOLOGY. ALLAR, a'lar', Andr^ Joseph (184.5 — ). A French sculptor, born at Toulon. He was a pupil of Dantan, Guillaume, and Cavelier at Paris, where he obtained the Grand Prix de Rome in 1889. He is a frequent exhibitor at the Salon, among his most celebrated productions being: "Ileciibe et Polydore" (1873), "Sainte Ceeile"' (1874), "La Tentation" (1S7G), "L':filoquence" (1878, executed for the church of Sorbonne), and ".Teanne d'Arc a Domremy" (1884). The statues of .lean Bullant and Jean Goujon for the facade of the Hotel de Ville at Paris were also executed by him. ALLARD, a'liir', Jean François (1783-1839). Generalissimo of the army of Lahore, and previously adjutant to Marshal Brune under Napoleon. After the murder of Marshal Brune (q.v.), Allard left France (1815), intending to emigrate to America, but changed his plan, entered into the service of Abbas-Mirza of Persia, and afterward went to Lahore (1820), where he engaged in the service of Ranjit Singh (q.v.), by whom he was made generalissimo, and whose forces he organized and trained in the European modes of warfare. He married a native of Lahore, and identified himself with the interests of his adopted country, but could not entirely forget France. The changed political situation after the revolution of 1830 brought him back to Paris (1836), where he was received with distinction, and was made French charge d'affaires in Lahore. He presented to the royal library of Paris a valuable collection of coins, and returned to Lahore, leaving his wife and children in Paris. He distinguished himself in the Sikh campaigns against the Afghans, and died at Peshawar, January 23, 1839. His remains were, according to his own wish, buried with military honors at Lahore. ALLA'TIUS, (1586-1669). A Greek ecclesiastic of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born on the Island of Chios, removed in 1600 to Rome, and studied at the Greek College there. He was appointed grand-vicar to the Bishop of Anglona, and was sent in 1622 by Gregory XV. to bring to Rome the Palatinate, or Heidelberg, library. In 1061 he was appointed by Alexander VII. librarian of the Vatican. He tried to reconcile the Western and Eastern Churches, writing such treatises as De Ecclesiæ Occidentalis atque Orientalis Perpetua Consensione (1648), and De Utriusque Ecclesiæ in Dogmate de Purgatorio Consensione (1655). His further works include De Libris Ecclesiasticis Græcorum (1645), and Græciæ Orthodoxæ Scriptores (1652). ALLÉE VERTE, a'la'vart'(Fr., green walk). A famous promenade at Brussels (q.v.), formed by an avenue of lime trees. AL'LEGAN. A village and county seat of Allegan Co., Mich.. 33 miles south of Grand Rapids, on the Kalamazoo River, and on the Lake- Shore and Michigan Southern, the Pere Mar- quette, and the Cincinnati Northern railroads (Map: Michigan, H 6). It contains a public library, Pingree Park, and fine court house, city hall, and public school buildings. The village is in a fertile agricultural and fruit-growing re- gion, and has valuable natural advantages in good water power, derived by means of a huge dam on the river, three miles above the village. Its industries include paper, planing, and flour mills, furniture factories, carriage works, casket factories, foundry and machine shop, etc. An interesting commercial feature is a cooperative grange store, which is in successful operation. Allegan was settled in 1835, and was first incor- porated in 1838 and reincorporated in 1858. The water works are owned and operated by the vil- lage. Pop.. 1890. 2009: 1900, 2667. AL'LEGA'NY. A town in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., 70 miles southeast of Buffalo, on the Allegheny River and the Erie Railroad (Map: New York, B 3). The town is engaged in the oil industry, and has a tannery, a canning factory, and saw mills, and is the site of St. Bonaventure's College, a Roman Catholic institution,