Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/384

ALEXANDER. tice, liberality, and wisdom of the King endeared his memory to his subjects, while the misfortunes that followed his death heightened the national sense of his loss. His eldest son, Alexander, who had married the daughter of the Count of Flanders, died without issue in 1283. Alexander contracted a second marriage in 1284 with Joleta, daughter of the Count of Dreux. He was killed by falling from a precipice in 1285.

ALEXANDER I. (1876-1903). King of Servia. The son of King Milan and Queen Natalie. On the abdication of Milan, in 1889, he was proclaimed King, under a regency. In 1893 he assumed personal control of affairs, and in 1895 promulgated a new constitution. In July, 1900, he married Madame Draga Mashin, a widow much older than himself. He and his consort were assassinated, June 11, 1903. See.

ALEXANDER, (1718-86). An American legislator. He was born in North Carolina, and in early life was a magistrate of Mecklenburg County, which he represented in the Colonial Legislature until 1775. In this year he served as chairman of the county convention, which, on May 31, passed a series of resolutions, later distorted into the famous "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence" (q.v.).

ALEXANDER, (1772-1851). An American Presbyterian clergyman. He was born in Augusta (now Rockbridge) County, Va. He was self-educated, and was led to religious study in the revival of 1789. He was licensed to preach in 1791, and spent several years as an itinerant missionary, and was president of Hampden-Sidney College, 1796-1801. In 1802 he married the daughter of Rev. Dr. Waddell, the blind preacher whose eloquence was eulogized by William Wirt. He was pastor of Pine Street Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, from 1807 to 1812, and was at the organization of the theological seminary of the Presbyterian Church at Princeton, N. J. He was unanimously chosen professor of theology, the position which he maintained with eminent success until his death there, October 22. 1851. His best-known work is A Brief Outline of the Evidences of the Christian Religion (Princeton, 1823), which has been translated into many languages and is a text-book in colleges. He wrote also The Canon of the Old and New Testaments Ascertained (1826); The Log College (1845), and Moral Science, which was published after his death (1852). Consult, for his life, J. W. Alexander (New York, 1854).

ALEXANDER, (1819-78). American soldier. He was born in Kentucky. He graduated at West Point and entered the engineer corps in 1842. He was engaged in engineering work from 1842 to 1859, superintending the construction of the military asylum at Washington, the marine hospital at Chelsea, Mass., and the Minot Ledge lighthouse, and in 1860 was employed in the construction of defenses around Washington. Subsequently he served with gallantry in the Manassas campaign and in the battle of Bull Run, was consulting engineer on the staff of General Sheridan (1864), and in March, 1865, was brevetted brigadier-general. For two years (1865-67), he was in charge of public works in Maine. He became senior engineer, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, in 1867, and he was a member of the Pacific board of engineers for fortifications from that time until his death.

ALEXANDER, (1835—). An American soldier and engineer. He was born at Washington, Ga., and graduated at the West Point Military Academy in 1857. After serving as an engineer in the United States Army, he joined the Confederacy in 1861, and advanced to the rank of chief of ordnance and chief signal officer in the Array of Northern Virginia (1861-62). In February, 1864, he was commissioned brigadier-general. He was also chief of artillery in General Longstreet's corps, and served in that capacity in the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsvlvania, and at the siege of Petersburg. At the close of the war he was appointed professor of mathematics and engineering at the University of South Carolina, and four years afterward began his career as general manager and president of various Southern railroads. He was a government director of the Union Pacific Railroad Company from 1885 to 1887, and in 1901, as engineer arbitrator, took charge of the boundary survey between Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

ALEXANDER, (1858—). An English actor and manager, whose full name is George Alexander Gibb Samson. He was born at Reading, June 19, 1858, and was educated at Clifton, Stirling, and Edinburgh. Though he studied medicine and afterward began a commercial career, he was fond of amateur acting, and went upon the professional stage in 1879. In 1881 he joined Irving's company at the Lyceum, where later he won particular successes as Faust (1886) and Macduff (1888). In the season of 1884-85 he accompanied Mr. Irving to America. Mr. Alexander began management in 1890 at the Avenue Theatre, but took the St. James Theatre in the next year. He has brought out a number of well-known plays, among them The Idler (1801), Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), The Second Mrs. Tanqueray (1893), The Prisoner of Zenda (1896), and In Days of Old (1899), besides several successful Shakespearean productions, including As You Like It (1896), and Much Ado About Nothing (1898).

ALEXANDER, (1690-1756). A colonial lawyer. He was born in Scotland, emigrated to New Jersey in 1715, practiced law, and was temporarily disbarred for defending John Peter Zenger (q.v.), when he was accused of sedition in 1733. He held many responsible public offices, and was one of the founders of the American Philosophical Society. He was the father of the celebrated revolutionary soldier, "Lord Stirling," or William Alexander (q.v.).

ALEXANDER, (1803-85). A Scotch officer, traveler, and author. He served in the war against Burma (1825), and in various other campaigns. He traveled in Persia and South America, and in 1836-37 conducted an exploring expedition into Africa. He was appointed general in 1882. His works include: Travels from India to England (1827), Travels Through Russia and the Crimea (1830), Transatlantic Sketches (1833), Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa (1838), L'Acadie (1849), Incidents of the Last Maori War (1863), am Bushfighting (1873).

ALEXANDER, (1804-59). American clergyman. He was born near Gordonsville. Louisa County, Va., March 13, 1804, a son of Dr. Archibald Alexander. He graduated at Princeton College in 1820