Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/370

ALDOBRANDINI. between the Borghese and the Pamfili branches, and the princely title, as well as the greater part of the fortune, passed to the Borghese branch.

ALDOBRANDINI MAR'RIAGE,. A famous mural painting in the Vatican Library, found in 1606 at Rome, and named after its original owner. Cardinal Aldobrandini. It is probably of the time of Augustus. Some think it the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, others of Paris and Helen, and still others simply an ideal. It presents the appearance of a frieze.

ALDO MANUZIO, al'do ma-noo'tse-o. See.

ALDRED, al'dred (?-1069). A noted English ecclesiastic. He became Abbot of Tavistock about 1027 and Bishop of Worcester, 1044. He made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1058; was elected Archbishop of York in 1060, and died September 11, 1069. He was very influential under Edward the Confessor, by whom he was employed on embassies. He submitted to and crowned William the Conqueror. He was avaricious, but capable and honest, instituting many reforms, and spending his wealth freely in the service of the Church.

ALDRICH, al'drich or al'drlj, (1866-92). An American poet and novelist, whose few works gave promise of a brilliant future. She was born at New York, April 25, 1866, and died there June 22, 1892. Her first work, The Rose of Flame (1889), was followed by The Feet of Love, a novel, in 1890. Songs About Life, Love, and Death appeared posthumously in 1892. The general characteristic of her works is intense, passionate, and erotic.

ALDRICH, (1647-1710). An English theologian, musician, and architect, dean of Christchurch College, Oxford, from 1089. He wrote a treatise on logic, Artis Logicæ Compendium (1691), which, with notes by Dean Mansel, was used as a text-book at Oxford for more than a century. He designed several of the buildings at Oxford, but is best known for his musical attainments. He wrote on the history of music, and composed services and anthems which are still used. His song, "Hark! the Bonny Christchurch Bells," is well known. He also composed several smoking and drinking songs.

ALDRICH, (1841 — ). An American politician, born at Foster, R. I. In 1875-76 he was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives, and in the latter year its Speaker. He was elected to Congress in 1878 and 1880. In 1881 he resigned to take a seat in the Senate. He was reelected to the Senate in 1886. 1892, and 1898. Previously a prominent member of the committee on civil service and finance, he was chairman of the committee on rules in the Fifty-fifth Congress. He has rarely taken part in debate, but has been recognized as a careful legislator, and a Republican leader in the Senate.

ALDRICH, (1836— ). An American poet, novelist, traveler, and editor. He was born at Portsmouth, N. H., November 11, 1836. After a boyhood spent in New England and Louisiana, he entered a counting-house in Now York in 1854. He was employed as "reader" in a publishing house in 1857, and he served successively on the staffs of the New York Evening Minor, the Home Journal, and the Saturday Press. In 1866 he removed to Boston, where he was editor of Every Saturday until 1874. He then became a regular staff contributor to the Atlantic Monthly, and on the retirement of W. D. Howells, in 1881, succeeded to the editorship, which he held until 1890. Afterward, he devoted himself to literary work and travel. Aldrich is best known as a poet. He has, not very aptly, been called "the American Herrick," owing to the fact that his verse is graceful, light, and melodious, carefully wrought, restrained, and reminiscent of places that he has visited. His chief publications of verse, besides the collective editions, are: The Bells (1855), The Ballad of Babie Bell (1856), Pampinea, and Other Poems (1861), Cloth of Gold, and Other Poems (1874), Flower and Thorn (1876), Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book (1881), Mercedes, and Later Lyrics (1883), Wyndham Towers (1889), Unguarded Gates, and Other Poems (1895). The prose of Aldrich consists of novels, short stories, and books of travel. Like the poetry, it is delicate and finished in style, but seems to lack the greater constructive values. His best-known piece of fiction is probably Marjorie Daw (1873); and his Story of a Bad Boy (1870) is also very popular. Other novels are: Out of His Head, a Romance (1862), Prudence Palfrey (1874), The Queen of Sheba (1877), The Stillwater Tragedy (1880), and Two Bites at a Cherry (1893), a volume of short stories. His volumes of travel and reminiscence are: From Ponkapog to Pesth (1883) and An Old Town by the Sea (1893).

ALDRIDGE, al'drij, (c. 1810-1867), "The African Roscius." There are conflicting accounts of his early life. One is that he was a mulatto, born at Bel Air, Md., about 1810, was apprenticed to a German ship carpenter, accompanied Edmund Kean to England as a servant, returned in 1830 or 1831, and appeared on the stage in Baltimore without success; after which he went back to England and gained a high reputation. Another story is that he was the son of a native of Senegal, who was brought here as a slave, became a Christian, and pastor of Greene Street Chapel (African) in New York; that Ira was born in that city in 1807. and was sent to Glasgow University to be educated for the ministry. Preferring the drama, however, he made his debut at the Royalty Theatre, London, as Othello, and became remarkably popular. He played also Aaron, in Titus Andronicus (1852), and Zanga, Orozembo, Rolla, and other characters for which his color was suited, throughout England. At Belfast he played Othello to the Iago of Edmund Kean, who greatly admired him. In 1852 he appeared in Brussels, and thereafter on the Continent took high rank in tragedy. He received crosses and medals from the emperors of Austria and Russia and the King of Prussia, and was honored with membership in several of the great academies. He married an Englishwoman.

ALDRINGER, al'dring-er, also, or , Count (1588-1634). A general in the imperial German army during the Thirty Years' War. He was born at Diedenhofen and studied at the University of Paris. As a reward for his defense of the Elbe bridge at Dessau, April, 1626, against Mansfeld, he was created a count in 1628. He was in high favor with Wallenstein, and after the conclusion of