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AGAPIDA. AGAPIDA, ii'KapGMa, FitAT Antonio. The )niii;,'iii:t of Graiittthi. lie was intended, Irvinj; later explained, as a tjpe of the piously prejudiced relij.'ious zealots of the time.

AGAR, a'giir'. The stage name of Florence I^onide Charvin (1830-91). A French actress. Slie was born at .Sedan, and went to Paris in 1S5S, where slie made her diMiut as a singer in caf^s-concerts. Following the example of Rachel, she adopted the biblical name of Agar (English, Hagar). In 1870 she W'as engaged at the Come- die Frangaise, where, during a representation of the play Lr Lion Ainoiircii.r, she sang the ilar- seillaisi! in the key of A, as Rachel had done in 1,S4S. She appeared from 1872 to 187(i in many French classic dramas, chielly tragedies. She was remarkable for her beaiity, her mobile and expressive countenance, eloquence of gesture, and perfect diction.

AGARDH, ii'giird, Jakob Geoug (ISlS-inOll. A Swedish botanist, son of Karl Adolf Agardh. He was professor of botany at Limd during 1854- 79. He increased his father's large collection, and wrote several works on alga>. He also pub- lished Theoria Systematis I'lantarum (Lund, 1858).

AGARDH, Kari, Adolf (1785-1859). A Swedish bo'.anist. He was educated at Lund, and devoted liimself chielly to the study of algae. In 1S07 he became lecturer on matlu'matics at Lund, and in 1812 was appointed professor of botany and rural economy, lecturing at the same time on general economy. He became a priest in 1810; went into politics in 1817, and was elected to the Diet, where he exercised consider- able influence, became a leading liberal, and suc- ceeded in improving and raising the standard of education in Sweden. His work, tiystema Alga- rum (l>und, 1824), was an important contribu- tion to the science of botany. He also wrote Essai de reditire la phijsioloyie vcgitiile <t des principes fondanicnloux (Lund, 1828). In 1834 he was made Bishop of Karlsta. It is used as an anhiilrotic (i|.v.) in the night sweats of ]ihthisis.

AGA'SIAS (Ok. 'Ayaalac). The name of two Hphesian sculptors, perhaps cousins, who lived at the beginning of the first century B.C. Agasias. son of Jtenophilns. made several stat- ues of Romans on the island of Delos. Agasias, son of Dositheus. was the sculptor of the "Bor- ghese Gladiator" found at Antium, and now in the Louvre. It pr(]bablv re|)resents a warrior on foot raising his shield, as if to guard against a 7nounled adversary. The figure seems derived from a group. Tt shows the characteristics of Asiatic art of the period.

AGASSIZ, ag'a-se, or a-gas'Tz; Frriwh pron. ft'ga's^. Alexaxdkr (1835—). An American naturalist, capitalist, and philanthropist. He was born at NeucliAtcd, Switzerland, December 17, 1835, the only son of Louis Agassiz. He joined his father in Roston in 1849, and gradu- ated at llarvanl Colleg<' in 1855. He was made a bachelor of science by the Lawrence Scientific School in 1857; became assistant in the United States Coast Suivey in California in 1859, and was assistant in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College from 1800 to 1805. At this time he became interested in coal and later in copper mining, and assisted in the de- vcIo))ment of the Calumet and Ilecla mines of native cop])er on the south shores of Lake Su- perior. These mines were then in an unpro- ductive condition, Inil Agassiz, as .superintend- ent, applied!iis extensive knowle<lge of geology, chemistry, and engineering, and so developed them that they have since yielded to him and his associates great w 'alth, which he has used to advance zoological research. After visiting dif- ferent nui.seums in Europe (1800-70). he was ap- pointed curator (1874) of the!Museuni of Com- parative Zoc'dogy, which his father had founded. He retaineil this position nominally until lsi)7, and was for some tiim^ a fellow of Ilarvard Uni- versity. His chief interest has been in marine zoology, where his studies of invertebrate life, and especially of the development of polyps, jellyfishes, and echinoderms have placed him in the first rank of investigators. He explored Lake Titicaca and the coast of Chile during 1874-75, and founded in 1875 a |)rivate laboratory and salt water aipiarium near his residence overlooking Narragansett Ray, at Newport, E. I. lie su- perintended deejj-sea dredging among the 'est Indies, in the Ignited States steamer Blake, from 1877 to 1880, and in successive winters he has exphued all the oceans, adding greatly to the knowledge of the fauna of the deep sea. His more important works are: North American Acalcplis (1805); Jtcvision of the Echini (1872); Xorlh American Starfinhcs (1877); Itcport on the Echini of the Challenger Expedi- tion (1881): Three Vrnises of the lilakc (1888); The Islands and Coral Reefs of Fiji (1899). The latter includes a iihilosojdiieal discussion of the whole subject of coral formations. He continued this line of work in 1901-02 by a private expedition to the Maldive Islands. Sir Agassiz has given a million or more dollars toward furthering the study of zoidogy at Harvard University and elsewhere, always in an unostenta- tious way, and his abilities have been recognized by many universities and scientific societies in both Europe and the United States, where he is president of the National .eademy of Science and of the Anu'rican .Uademy of Arts and Sciences.

AGASSIZ, ). An American teacher and writer. She was born in Roston, ami in 1850 was married to Professor Louis Agassiz. whom she accompanied to Brazil ( 1805-00), and on the //rj.v.sVcr expedition in 1871-72. Her publications include: A First Lesson in Natural History (1859): Life of Lonis Agassiz (2 volumes, 1885). and fienside fit tidies in Natural History (I8G5), in which she was assisted by her son, Alexander Agassiz. Mrs. Agassiz's home is at Cambridge, Mass. She is president of the Board of Control of Radcliffe College, and has taken an active ])art in promoting the interests of that institution.

AGASSIZ,. See.