Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 01.djvu/171

ADOPTION. inheritance. In a few States, however, the adopting parent does not inherit from the adopted child. Consult: Stimson, American Statute Law (Boston, 1886); Schouler, Treatise on the Law of Domestic Relalions (Boston, 1900); Woodruff, Selection of Cases on Domestic Relations and the Law of Persons (New York, 1897); and see.

AD'ORA'TION. A term originally applied among the Romans to an act of homage or worship performed by raising the hand to the mouth (Lat. ad os, whence the word), kissing it, and then waving it toward the object of reverence. It was natural to extend to great men the formal adoration at first paid only to deities, and the Roman emperors were saluted by bowing or kneeling, touching the imperial robe, and kissing the hand that did so. In eastern countries the form of adoration was to fall on the knees at a prince's feet, strike the forehead on the ground, and kiss the floor. On the same principle it may be said that the modern practice of kissing a sovereign's hand is a form of adoration; and similarly the custom at Rome of kissing the cross embroidered on the Pope's slipper. While the term adoration is very generally employed nowadays to express a mental attitude toward God, it may be well to remember that both it and the similar term worship had a much more limited sense; thus, in the English marriage service the bridegroom says to the bride: "With my body I thee worship and with all my worldly goods I thee endow." Thus, too, as a matter of theological terms, the Roman Catholic Church makes a distinction between latria, the worship due to God alone, and dulia, that given to the angels and saints.

ADORATION OF THE IMMACULATE LAMB,. A celebrated altar painting in the cathedral of Ghent, Belgium, by the Flemish artists Hubert and Jan van Eyck. It represents Christ surrounded by the saints, and on the lower panels the sacrifice of the lamb.

ADORATION OF THE MA'GI. The worship of the infant Christ by the wise men, a frequent subject in religious art. Among the well known works with this title are pictures by the following artists:

Giovanni Bellini, in the National Gallery, London.

Sandro Botticelli, a painting on wood (date about 1480) in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. His three wise men have the faces of Cosimo, Giuliano, and Giovanni de' Medici.

Albert Dürer (1504), also in the Uffizi.

Domenico Ghirlandajo, in the church of Santa Maria degli Innocenti, Florence (1488), and another, on wood, in the Ufffizi (1487).

Vittore Pisano, in the Berlin Gallery.

Rembrandt (1657), in Buckingham Palace, London.

Rubens, who produced a number of paintings of this subject, for various churches, the magnificence of costume which it permitted in the three kings being well suited to his taste. Notable among them is the one now in the museum at Brussels, representing the child as held erect by his mother. Others are in the Antwerp museum and in the Louvre, Paris.

Il Sodoma (Giovanni Antonia Bazzi), an altar piece in the church of San Agostino, at Siena.

Stephan Lochner, in his famous triptych, the "Dombild," in the cathedral of Cologne.

Tintoretto, in the Scuola di San Rocco, Venice, a picture especially praised by Ruskin.

Paolo Veronese (Cagliari), by whom there are paintings with this title in the National Gallery, London, in the Brera, Milan, and notably one in the gallery at Dresden.

ADOUR, a'door'. A river in France, rising near Tourmalet, in the department of Haute.s- Pyr<''nees (Map: France, E 8). It flows through the department of Gers and the fertile part of the department of Landes, and enters the At- lantic below Bayonne, after a course of 200 miles. It receives several tributaries, and is navigable to the extent of 80 miles. Bagn&res-de-Bigorre. celebrated for its hot baths, is situated on the Adour.

ADO'WA, ii'dA-a. or ADTTA, a'doo-a. The capital of the Abyssinian province of Tigré, situ- ated in 14° 12' N. lat. and 39° 3' E. long. (Map: Africa, H 3). It has an excellent climate on account of its elevated location, and was, prior to the Italian campaign of 1896, one of the best built cities of Abyssinia. At present a con- siderable part of it is in ruins, but it will probably be soon restored to its former con- dition, as the town is an important commer- cial centre and is on the route of the proposed railway line from Massowah to Gondar. Its Pop- ulation was formerly about 3000, but is probably less now. Adowa was the scene of the defeat of the Italian troops under General Baratieri by the Abyssinians on March 1, 1896. Consult: Setetin, "La bataille d'Adoua: Etude tactique," in volumes IX. and X., Journals des Sciences Mititaires (Paris, 1901).

ADRA, ii'dra. A seaport town of Spain, in the province of Granada, 49 miles southeast of Granada. It is situated on the shore of the Mediterranean, at the month of the Adra (Map: Spain. D 4). The ancient Abdera, founded by the Phœnicians, was on a hill, at the base of which the modern town stands, in a situation unhealthful on account of swamps. The port is not good, being much exposed to the west. Lead mines in the neighborhood give employ- ment to many of the inhabitants and trade to the port. Among other exports are grapes, wheat, and sugar. Pop., 1900, 11,246.

ADRAIN', (1775-1843). An Irish-American mathematician, born at Carrickfergus. During the Irish rebellion of 1798 he was wounded and escaped to America, where he became a teacher of mathematics and occupied chairs at Rutgers (1810-13), Columbia (1813-25), and the University of Pennsylvania (1827-34). He was editor of the Mathematical Diary (1825-29). and prepared an edition of Hutton's Mathematics. His original work includes papers on the shape and size of the earth and on gravity.

ADRAM’MELECH (Babyl. Adar-malik. Adar is king). 1. A god worshiped by the inhabitants of Sepharvaim after they had been deported to Samaria by Sargon (II. Kings xvii: 24, 31). Sepharvaim has been supposed to be the Babylonian Sippar, and Adrammelech a divinity Adar-malik. But Sepharvaim is more likely to be the Shabara'in of the Babylonian chronicle, the Sibraim of Ezekiel xlvii: 16, a city near Damascus. Shamash, not Ninib or Adar, was the god of Sippar. Adar is known to have been worshipped in Phœnicia. The identification of Adar with a Melech, or Milk, demanding human